The important normalized maximum likelihood (NML) distribution is obtained via a normalization over all sequences of given length. It has two short-comings: the resulting model is usually not a random process, and in many cases, the normalizing integral or sum is hard to compute. In contrast, the recently proposed sequentially normalized maximum likelihood (SNML) models always comprise a random...

Several hardness results are presented for the parent assignment problem: Given m observations of n attributes x1, . . . , xn, find the best parents for xn, that is, a subset of the preceding attributes so as to minimize a fixed cost function. This attribute or feature selection task plays an important role, e.g., in structure learning in Bayesian networks, yet little is known about its computa...

Nonprofit Management & Leadership, vol. 25, no. 1, Fall 2014 © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/nml.21110 Journal sponsored by the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University. Authors’ Note: We gratefully acknowledge fi nancial support from the Aspen Institute Nonprof...

The objective of the work was to assess the effect of mild alkaline pretreatment on the anaerobic biodegradability of tomato processing waste (TPW). Experiments were carried out in duplicate BMP bottles using a pretreatment contact time of 4 and 24 h and a 1% and 5% NaOH dosage. The cumulative methane production during a 30 d period was recorded and modelled. The alkaline pretreatment did not s...

In this paper, we analyze the performance of bit interleaved coded multiple beamforming (BICMB). We provide interleaver design criteria such that the resulting system achieves full spatial multiplexing of min(N, M) and full spatial diversity of NM for a system with N transmit and M receive antennas. We combined BICMB with OFDM in order to combat ISI caused by the frequency selective channels. T...

Worst-case analysis of the game assumes, by definition, that the adversary is trying to minimize the learner’s regret without any restrictions on the resources it uses while doing so. In practice, however, it may not be necessary (or indeed desirable) to get bounds of this kind—real-world data are typically generated by processes of bounded computational power, memory, etc., and it would be use...

We have undertaken a comprehensive search for 5-cm excited OH maser emission from evolved stars representative of various stages of late stellar evolution. Observed sources were selected from known 18-cm OH sources. This survey was conducted with the 100-m Effelsberg telescope to achieve high signal to noise ratio observations and a sensitivity limit of about 0.05 to 0.1 Jy. A total of 64 stell...

Underwater wireless communication (UWC) technology has attracted widespread attention in the past few years. Compared with conventional acoustic underwater technology, optical (UOWC) promising potential to provide high data rate connections due large license-free bandwidth. Building a high-performance and reliable UOWC system become target of researchers various advanced innovative technologies...

MERLIN observations of the 22-GHz H 2 O masers in the circumstellar envelope of the supergiant NML Cyg show an irregular ring of emission 200 mas across, plus a pair of outlying features to the NW and SE nearly 600 mas apart. Comparison with maps at previous epochs reveals proper motions of these outlying features, of 1:90:4 mas yr ?1. This corresponds to a transverse velocity of 194 km s ?1 at...

The best co-digestion ratio between mezcal vinasses and bovine manure was investigated to produce methane.Five mixtures in different proportionswere compared (v/v): 25-75, 50-50, 75-25, 100-0, 0-100, with six replications. As reactors, 496 mL glasscontainers hermetic seal were used, 300 of active volume under mesophilic conditions (36 ± 1 oC) for 10 days. pH, total solids, volatile solids vinas...