The purpose of this study was to characterize intestinal permeability changes over a range of physiologically relevant body temperatures in vivo and in vitro. Initially, FITC-dextran (4,000 Da), a large fluorescent molecule, was loaded into the small intestine of anesthetized rats. The rats were then maintained at approximately 37 degrees C or heated over 90 min to a core body temperature of ap...

Background and aims A wide variety of adverse health effects on both fetuses and neonates have been ascribed to particulate matter (PM) air pollution. Recent evidence suggests that PM exposure results in increased oxidative and nitrosative stress. In the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort, we investigated the association of placental 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) with PM exposure during various time windows of p...

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation, an important factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications, is considered a downstream effector of oxidative-nitrosative stress. However, some recent findings suggest that it is not necessarily the case and that PARP activation may precede and contribute to free radical and oxidant-induced injury. This study evaluated the effect of PARP inhi...

Research in the last two decades has proven, without a doubt, that nitric oxide (NO) is a cytotoxic as well as a signaling molecule in biological systems. NO is one of the nitrogen oxides present in air and being a free radical it is very reactive. It combines readily with all major macromolecules whether it is lipids, nucleic acids or proteins. Lipid and nucleic acid modification by NO are rel...

Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of a wide array of both pediatric and adult malignancies. Dose-dependent and cumulative nephrotoxicity is the major toxicity of this compound, sometimes requiring a reduction in dose or discontinuation of treatment. Recent evidence has implicated oxidative and nitrosative stress in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Aphanizom...

Redox-based signaling is fundamental to the capacity of bacteria to sense, and respond to, nitrosative and oxidative stress encountered in natural and host environments. The conserved RNA polymerase regulatory protein DksA is a thiol-based sensor of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. DksA-dependent transcriptional control promotes antinitrosative and antioxidative defenses that contribute to...

A close association between microwave (MW) radiation exposure and neurobehavioral disorders has been postulated but the direct effects of MW radiation on central nervous system still remains contradictory. This study was performed to understand the effect of short (15 days) and long-term (30 and 60 days) low-level MW radiation exposure on hippocampus with special reference to spatial learning a...