Despite the prevalent clinical applications of cisplatin, serious toxic side effects comprising reproductive toxicity confine its therapeutic efficacy. Thus, the current study explored the possible protective effect of captopril and telmisartan against cisplatin-induced testicular damage in rats. Captopril (100 mg/kg) and telmisartan (10 mg/kg) were orally administered for 15 days, whereas cisp...

I In nt tr ro od du uc ct ti io on n: : Oxidative and nitrosative stresses are important for mediating secondary damage following spinal cord injury (SCI). A key player in this process is likely to be nitric oxide (NO) because of its various physiological and pathological roles in the CNS. Arginase, a major metabolic enzyme of the liver, is involved in the regulation of NO production. It does t...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) incessantly produced as by-products of metabolism play significant roles in seed physiology. ROS (hydroxyl, superoxide radical hydrogen peroxide) RNS (nitric oxide, nitric dioxide, nitrous acid dinitrogen tetroxide) content changes all phases life cycle that influence germination, dormancy longevity. Recent studies illustrate are perform...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications are an actual problem of modern medicine. This pathology continues to spread throughout the world like a non-infectious epidemic. In this review new data about role different cellular mechanisms in forming diabetic retinopathy (DR), namely, oxidative-nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration inflammation. A approach DR pathogen...

Legume root nodules are sites of intense biochemical activity and consequently are at high risk of damage as a result of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These molecules can potentially give rise to oxidative and nitrosative damage but, when their concentrations are tightly controlled by antioxidant enzymes and metabolites, they also play posi...

Neuropathic pain occurs in about 6-7% of the general population and in 15-20% of people with diabetes. It is defined as a disease or disorder of the sensorimotor system and must be distinguished from nociceptive pain, which is a consequence of trauma, injury, or inflammation. A host of other conditions can masquerade as neuropathy including entrapments, fasciitis, and claudication. Pain can der...

Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic and progressive disorders characterized by selective destruction of neurons in motor, sensory and cognitive systems. Despite their different origin, free radicals accumulation and consequent tissue damage are importantly concerned for the majority of them. In recent years, research on melatonin revealed a potent activity of this hormone against oxidative a...

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteins is a posttranslational modification mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) that use NAD+ as substrate to form the negatively charged polymer of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). After DNA damage, PARP-1 is responsible for approximately 90% of the total cellular PARylation activity. Numerous studies showed activation of PARP-1 in various conditions associated w...