In the present study, interactions between lead exposure with nitric oxide precursor (L-arginine) or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME) on naloxone-induced jumping and diarrhea in morphine-dependent mice were examined. Chronic lead acetate (0.05%) exposure altered naloxone-induced jumping and diarrhea in mice. Jumping was decreased after 7 days and was unchanged 14 and 28 days after...

in this study, we aimed to investigate the peripheral antinociception effects of specificphosphodiesterase 5 (pde-5) inhibitor vardenafil on carrageenan-induced nociception in rats,and the role of calcium besides the l-arginine- nitric oxide (no)- cyclic guanosine monophophate(cgmp) pathway in these effects. hyperalgesia was induced by the intraplantar injection of 0.1ml fresh carrageenan solut...

cirrhosis is associated with hyperdynamic circulation, manifesting as increased cardiac output and decreased systemic vascular resistance. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cirrhosis on heart apoptosis and involvement of nitric oxide (no) and oxidative stress in the possible altered apoptosis of cirrhotic hearts. twenty-eight days after bile duct ligation, heart tissues wer...

nitric oxide (no) is a simple ubiquitous signaling molecule and plays important roles in almost every biological system. recent evidences suggest that no may act as an endocrine molecule. the aim of this review is considering available literature on endocrine roles of no and/or its metabolites, i.e. nitrite and nitrate. existing data suggest the idea that no is a hormone that after production i...

it is a well-established fact that adenosine and its receptor subtypes (a 1 and a ) are involved in changes of contractility, heart rate and coronary blood flow (cbf) under different circumstances. this study was conducted to evaluate the role of nitric oxide and prostaglandins in development of these changes. for this purpose, nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name), and indomethacin as inhibit...

background: the present study was conducted to investigate the optimized timing for macrophages induction and nitric oxide (no) production against invading leishmania parasite. methods: the present study examined the murine macrophage cell line, b10r, in three different states. in the first state, the cells were first infected with l. major and then treated with ifn-g and lps as stimulants. in ...

introduction: nitric oxide (no), as a free radical, involves in several physiologic functions in gi tract such as nerve impulse transmission and vascular tonicity regulation. nitric oxide synthase (nos) is the enzyme for the production of no from l-arginine which in turn inhibits by l-ngnitroarginine methyl ester (l-name). in the current work, we aimed to evaluate morphometric analysis of duode...

The aim of this review is to present the similarities and differences between the latest guidelines for noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocelullar carcinoma (HCC) of American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL), and Japanese Society of Hepatology. All the four guide...

Like in most other malignancies the lymph node status is of outstanding prognostic relevance and an important tool for the determination of adjuvant strategies for urological tumor entities, too. Even in the era of PET/CT and MRI with iron oxid nano-particles the radiological imaging technology is strongly limited in cases of metastases smaller than 5 mm. Therefore only the operative lymph node...

nitration of potassium sulphamate was carried out using a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid at -30 °c. the reaction time was optimized at the mole ratio of sulphuric to nitric acid of (1:3.5). the difference in product yield by changing the potassium to ammonium sulphamate was studied throughly. it was found that both the yield and purity of the product is better starting with potassium sulp...