OBJECTIVES The aim of this retrospective study was to correlate the significance and accuracy of the colour of nipple discharge and breast ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of intraductal papilloma. METHODS This is a retrospective study of 34 patients who underwent 36 microdochectomies in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) in the Sultanate of Oman, over a 4 year period of January 2009...

Cooper in 1840 described mammary branches from the 2nd-6th intercostal nerves, and noticed that the nipple was supplied by branches which lay close to the surface of the gland. Eckhard (1850) divided the mammary branches into superficial branches to the skin and nipple, and deep branches to the glandular tissue and nipple, but many later authors ignored those findings. After the second World Wa...

The distinction between breast cancer and benign breast diseases with nipple discharge remains an important diagnostic challenge. The purpose of this study was to predict the potential usefulness of tumor markers in nipple discharge and to investigate the relationship of tumor markers and clinical characteristics with breast cancer.One hundred and eleven patients with nipple discharge received ...

BACKGROUND Classically, the vertical-style reduction mammaplasty utilizing a superomedial pedicle has been limited to smaller reductions secondary to concerns for poor wound healing and nipple necrosis. OBJECTIVES The authors reviewed a large cohort of patients who underwent a vertical-style superomedial pedicle reduction mammaplasty in an attempt to demonstrate its safety and efficacy in tre...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and present our experience of surgical correction of nipple inversion. PATIENTS & METHODS: During the study period of from March 2006 to December 2009, 13 female patients, with diagnosis of nipple inversion directly reported at OPD and admitted to Department of plastic & Burn Surgery; Liaquat University of Medical & health Sciences, Jamshoro. 02 patients were referred fro...

Cutaneous leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle neoplasms of the skin. They arise from vascular, arrector pili, genital, and areolar smooth muscles. The most common localizations of cutaneous leiomyomas are the extensor surfaces of the extremities and the trunk. To our knowledge, only few cases of one-sided nipple leiomyomas have been reported, but two-sided nipple leiomyomas have not been presen...

Differential diagnoses of pigmented lesions of the nipple include melanocytic nevus, melanosis of the nipple, seborrheic keratosis, pigmented basal cell carcinoma, melanoma and Paget disease. The histologic exam with appropriate immunohistochemistry is a fundamental tool to achieve a correct diagnosis. We present a patient with a pigmented lesion of her right nipple revealing mammary Paget dise...

background: tracheal intubation is used in general anesthesia and often leads to traumatization of the airway mucosa. these complications can cause postoperative morbidity. this study was designed to determine the effect of ketamine spraying on the endotracheal tube cuff on sore throat, cough, and hoarseness during the first 24 hours of the postoperative period. methods: 120 healthy women with ...

BACKGROUND postoperative sore throat is the commonest complication after endotracheal intubation. The efficacy of intravenous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in alleviating postoperative sore throat has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of intravenous diclofenac sodium on the occurrence and severity of postoperative sore throat. METHODS 42 in-patients scheduled f...