Let R be an Archimedean partially ordered ring in which the square of every element is positive, and N(R) the set of all nilpotent elements of R. It is shown that N(R) is the unique nil radical of R, and that N(R) is locally nilpotent and even nilpotent with exponent at most 3 when R is 2-torsion-free. R is without non-zero nilpotents if and only if it is 2-torsion-free and has zero annihilator...

We study reversible polymerization of rings. In this stochastic process, two monomers bond and, as a consequence, two disjoint rings may merge into a compound ring or a single ring may split into two fragment rings. This aggregation-fragmentation process exhibits a percolation transition with a finite-ring phase in which all rings have microscopic length and a giant-ring phase where macroscopic...

In this work, we focus on reversible cyclic codes which correspond to reversible DNA codes or reversible-complement DNA codes over a family of finite chain rings, in an effort to extend what was done by Yildiz and Siap in [20]. The ring family that we have considered are of size 2 k , k = 1, 2, · · · and we match each ring element with a DNA 2k−1-mer. We use the so-called u-adic digit system to...

Bronchial rings from nonatopic humans were passively sensitized with serum from allergic subjects. Allergen challenge significantly reduced the relaxant effect of salbutamol on carbachol-induced contractions, suggesting beta(2)-adrenoceptor (beta(2)-AR) pathway dysfunction. Incubation of challenged rings for 3 h with 3 x 10(-6) M beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) restored the relaxant effect, s...

 Let $R$ be an associative ring with identity and $Z^*(R)$ be its set of non-zero zero divisors.  The zero-divisor graph of $R$, denoted by $Gamma(R)$, is the graph whose vertices are the non-zero  zero-divisors of  $R$, and two distinct vertices $r$ and $s$ are adjacent if and only if $rs=0$ or $sr=0$.  In this paper, we bring some results about undirected zero-divisor graph of a monoid ring o...

(nil) = nil sigperm(x :: xs) = append(sigrot(x; x); sigperm(xs)) sigrot(x; nil) = nil sigrot(u; x :: xs)) = cond(issig(u); u :: sigrot(rotate(u); xs); sigrot(rotate(u); xs)) 4.4 Third transformation step Our objective is to get rid of the costly occurrences of append in sigperm. We introduce the new denition: sr(x; y; u) = append(sigrot(x; y); u) and the theorem: The complete denition of sigper...

We investigated the effects of recombinant human IL-1 alpha, -1 beta, -2, -6 and TNF on the in vitro secretion of beta-endorphin-immunoreactivity (beta E-IR) by the rat anterior and neurointermediate lobes (AL and NIL, respectively) and of B by the rat adrenal gland. Isolated AL and NIL cells were incubated for 2 h with cytokines (1 pg/m1(-1) mu g/ml), CRH (5.10(-10) M) or with cytokines in com...

We introduce the notion of a Hu-Liu prime ideal in the context of left commutative rngs, and establish the contravariant functor from the category of left commutative rngs into the category of topological spaces. It is well known that new points must be introduced in order to expand algebraic geometry over algebraically closed fields into Grothendieck’s scheme theory over commutative rings. We ...

This work presents a comparative study of the frequencies of spectral jumping of individual light-harvesting complexes of six different types: LH2 of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and Rhodospirillum molischianum; LH1 of Rhodobacter sphaeroides; and two "domain swap mutants" of LH2 of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: PACLH1 and PACLH2mol, in which the alpha-polypeptide C-terminus...