Dental manufacturers frequently present clinicians with new “cutting edge” materials, devices or technology. These usually come great promise for bettering the status quo in their practices, and of putting them ahead colleagues market place. However before succumbing to advertorial hype, abandoning old materials equipment, practitioners need evaluate offering against “gold standard” if one exis...

background: over the years, the concept technology has modified, especially from the viewpoint of the development of scientific knowledge as well as the philosophical and artistic aspects. however, the concept of technology in nursing are still poorly understood. only small qualitative studies, especially in iran, have investigated this phenomenon and they just are about information technology....