measuring the performance of a production system has been an important task in management for purposes of control, planning, etc. lord kelvin said :“when you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind.” hence, manageme...

organizational challenge in the twenty-first century iscompetition due to the expensive resources that determine survival andgrowth of enterprises. the resources can be categorized as management,labor, land, capital resources and equipment. among these materials, humanresources and management have a special place. at present, competitiveadvantage in many countries is based on human resource cap...

planners have regarded understanding urban use per capita since the beginning of new thinking of urban development. this was stared with its pragmatics toward primary comprehensive urban plans and became a source for urban development plans that have tried to adapt per capita and standards with country’s conditions. iran's supreme council for planning and architecture, determined standards...

an analysis of the stages of crop growth presents an important step in the improvement of production management. through growth analysis, planning for planting systems, fertilization, pruning operations, harvest time as well as obtaining economical yield can be more accessible. therefore, a development of mathematical models simulating plant growth would be helpful in improving crop management,...

The managed evolution of the application landscape is commonly regarded a focal point of enterprise architecture (EA) management. Therein, aspects of future planning and historization apply, for which no generally accepted information model yet exists. This paper addresses this challenge by identifying requirements regarding an information model for temporal application landscape management fro...