Recombinant immunotoxin (RIT) therapy is limited in patients by neutralizing Ab responses. Ninety percent of patients with normal immune systems make neutralizing Abs after one cycle of RIT, preventing repeated dosing. Furthermore, some patients have pre-existing Abs from environmental exposure to Pseudomonas exotoxin, the component of the RIT that elicits the neutralizing Ab response. Bortezom...

Recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) is a common vector used in human gene therapy protocols. We characterized the humoral immune response to AAV and observed that 80% of normal human subjects have anti-AAV antibodies and that 18% have neutralizing antibodies. To analyze the effect of neutralizing antibodies on AAV readministration, we attempted to deliver recombinant AAV expressing ...

Several recent studies have identified HIV-infected patients able to produce a broad neutralizing response, and the detailed analyses of their sera have provided valuable information to improve future vaccine design. All these studies have excluded patients on antiretroviral treatment and with undetectable viral loads, who have an improved B cell profile compared to untreated patients. To bette...

BACKGROUND Navajo and White Mountain Apache infants have respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization rates 2-5 times that of the general U.S. infant population. To evaluate whether these high rates can be attributable to low concentrations of maternally derived RSV neutralizing antibodies, we conducted a case-control study. METHODS Study subjects enrolled in a prospective, hospital-base...

Broadly neutralizing antibodies are considered an important part of a successful HIV vaccine. A better understanding of the factors underlying their development during infection and of the epitopes they target is needed to elicit similar antibody responses by vaccination. We and others reported that, on average, it takes 2 to 3 years for cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies to become detectab...

The feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) vaccines that are currently in wide use are generally poor inducers of virus-neutralizing antibodies, although such antibodies appear after recovering from challenge. However, the presence of neutralizing antibodies in cats recovering from natural FeLV infection clearly correlates with resistance to subsequent infection and passive transfer of antibodies can pr...

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a substantial global public healthcare crisis, leading to the urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies. Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are potential treatment COVID-19. This article provides brief overview of targets and development nAbs against COVID-19, it examines efficacy as part both outpatient inpatient treatments ba...

Background: Dengue is a global arboviral threat to humans; causing 390 million infections per year. The availability of safe and effective tetravalent dengue vaccine is a global requirement to prevent epidemics, morbidity, and mortality associated with it. Methods: Five experimental groups (6 mice per group) each of 5-week-old BALB/c mice were immunized with vaccine and placebo (empty plasmid) ...