We compare four approaches to network neutrality and network management regulation in a two-sided market model: (i) no variations in Quality of Service and no price discrimination; (ii) variations in Quality of Service but no price discrimination; (iii) variations in Quality of Service and price discrimination but no exclusive contracts; and (iv) no regulation: the network operator can sell exc...

Whether broadband service providers should be allowed to vertically integrate with content providers is a contentious issue, especially from the net neutrality perspective, since the vertically integrated firm can prioritize the delivery of its own content at the expense of that of its competitors if net neutrality is not enforced. We analyze the issues of vertical integration of content and br...

As observational data has attained new legal status, allowing their integration into open Internet systems, and experimental data continues to be assembled in common and free platforms, state of the art, easy to access data repositories have been designed in Spain. These repositories have removed many obstacles to re-utilization of GIS and other data. European legislation has also made advances...

This paper introduces “capital ownership neutrality” (CON) and “national ownership neutrality” (NON) as benchmarks for evaluating the desirability of international tax reforms, and applies them to analyze recent U.S. tax reform proposals. Tax systems satisfy CON if they do not distort the ownership of capital assets, which promotes global efficiency whenever the productivity of an investment di...

The vigorous impact of the Web in time and space arises from the fact that it motivates massive creation, editing and distribution of information by Users with little knowledge. This unprecedented continuum provides novel opportunities for innovation but also puts under jeopardy its survival as a stable construct that nurtures a complex system of connections. We examine the Web as an ethics det...

We provide an extended dynamic general equilibrium model for investigating decision neutrality of tax systems and apply it in analyzing recent tax reform proposals. The Swiss ACE Dual Income Tax (SADIT) and the German Dual Income Tax (GDIT) come under scrutiny. We propose an alternative tax reform which guarantees a higher degree of neutrality without necessarily jeopardizing political feasibil...

The FCC’s proposed net neutrality policy change in 2014 was met with widespread public controversy and outrage. The FCC recently released to the public millions of comments that it received about the issue. It is abundantly clear that the vast majority of citizens prefer to have net neutrality intact, but what exactly are the people saying? What are their main arguments and reasons for wanting ...

An earlier paper showed that the homozygosity (of a population or sample) was a good statistic for testing departures from selective neutrality in the direction of heterozygote advantage or disadvantage. It is here shown that homozygosity is also influenced by the presence of deleterious alleles and by other departures from neutrality, but at a lower order of magnitude of effect if the selectio...

Solving efficiently complex problems using metaheuristics, and in particular local search algorithms, requires incorporating knowledge about the problem to solve. In this paper, the permutation flowshop problem is studied. It is well known that in such problems, several solutions may have the same fitness value. As this neutrality property is an important issue, it should be taken into account ...

in this sense. For instance, predication can combine any predicate phrase (e.g. ‘is an F’ or ‘Fs’) with any noun phrase (e.g. ‘a’ or ‘The F’), regardless of what objects and properties those phrases denote; and the representational significance of that combination is just that the object denoted by the noun phrase possesses the property denoted by the predicate. By contrast, many non-linguistic...