To achieve its ambitious climate targets, the European Union (EU) must adopt new policies, increase impact of existing policies and/or remove dysfunctional ones. The EU has developed an elaborate system to monitor national policy mixes in order support these challenging requirements. Data that member states have reported over last ten years reveal average expected per-policy-instrument emission...

In this paper we report on a combination of experimental and theoretical study of a new copolymer based on carbazole and methylthiophene (Cbz-Mth), in their neutral and oxidized states. We discuss the influence of chain length on conformational and optoelectronic properties with the DFT method. Conformational analysis shows that there are no big changes in the structural parameters of neutral o...

A short history of the major features of neutral theories of molecular evolution is presented. Emphasis is placed on the nearly neutral theory, as this version of the neutral theory has explained the widest range of phenomena. The shift of interest from protein to DNA evolution is chronicled, leading to the modern view that silent and replacement substitutions are responding to different evolut...

In [1] we discussed functions of head movements and gaze. In this paper, we will go into more depth in the classification of various head movements: how they are distinguished in both formal and functional terms. We look at the distribution of a selection of primitive head movements and their related meanings and the way they are composed out of smaller units. This catalogue is not intended to ...

Abstract Expansions of innovation policies have been paralleled with an increase in the evaluations such policies. Yet, there are few systematic how conducted, by whom, and their overall conclusions. We analyze 110 policy Sweden from 2005 to 2019. Our findings show that majority these positive, about one-third neutral conclusions, very negative. The were conducted consulting firms, close expert...

There is no shortcut to a carbon neutral society; solutions are urgently required from both energy & industrial sectors and global ecosystems. While the former often held accountable emphasized in terms of its emissions reduction capability, latter (recently termed natural climate solutions) should also be assessed for potential limitations by scientific community, public, policy makers.

BACKGROUND Establishing more sensible measures to treat cocaine-addicted mothers and their children is essential for improving U.S. drug policy. Favorable post-natal environments have moderated potential deleterious prenatal effects. However, since cocaine is an illicit substance having long been demonized, we hypothesized that attitudes toward prenatal cocaine exposure would be more negative t...

Abstract Background In August 2018, Puerto Rico (PR) became the 4th state or territory in United States to adopt a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine school-entry requirement, for students 11–12 years old. Evidence suggests that content of media coverage may impact people’s perception HPV and their willingness vaccinate. This study aimed analyze digital news related implementation policy PR. Me...