This work presents a first approach towards the development of a cost-effective enzymatic paper-based glucose/O2 microfluidic fuel cell in which fluid transport is based on capillary action. A first fuel cell configuration consists of a Y-shaped paper device with the fuel and the oxidant flowing in parallel over carbon paper electrodes modified with bioelectrocatalytic enzymes. The anode consis...

This paper reports on a miniaturized microbial fuel cell with a microfluidic flow-through configuration: a porous anolyte chamber is formed by filling a microfluidic chamber with three-dimensional graphene foam as anode, allowing nutritional medium to flow through the chamber to intimately interact with the colonized microbes on the scaffolds of the anode. No nutritional media flow over the ano...

on the source of plasma density and electric field perturbations in pmse and pmwe regionspolar mesospheric summer/winter echoes (pmse/pmwe) are very strong radar echoes produced by ionospheric electron density fluctuations at half the radar wavelength. the main focus of this paper is the altitude range 80 to 90 km in summer and altitude range 65-86 km in winter in the polar mesosphere . this pa...

the rhizome of anemarrhena asphodeloides is used as food and traditional chinese medicine for its hypoglycemic effect. the aim of this study was to investigate the isolation, purification and hypoglycemic activity of anemaran as the active component. the influence factors (isolation duration, ratio of residuals to water and extracting times) during the isolation process were evaluated. the opti...

objective: this study carried out to monitor the status of nutritional management and measuring difference between present and desired feeding system in dairy cattle of rural conditions of chaharmahal and bakhtiari. methods: 334 rural flocks consisting of 1442 dairy cows were selected from seven towns of this province. the experiment was lasted for in a year and using completely randomized desi...

the regulated price policy may be implemented for some products. it is generally implemented for some products such as electricity, natural gas, water and so on that are supplied as monopolist. the regulated price shock on these products may lead to an adjustment in the endowments of primary factors. the aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of a regulated price shock on price indices...

The present note addresses an open question concerning a sufficient characterization of the variance-optimal martingale measure. Denote by S the discounted price process of an asset and suppose that Q? is an equivalent martingale measure whose density is a multiple of 1− φ • ST for some S-integrable process φ. We show that Q? does not necessarily coincide with the variance-optimal martingale me...