Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that occurs in the severe liver dysfunction and characterized by wide range of central nervous system symptoms. HE precipitated with mostly infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, diuretic overdose, electrolyte imbalance, constipation drugs. Traditional local foods for example honey can contain toxins could cause acute decompensation pat...

A recent paper in Neurology by Annette Schrag et al. [1,2] with an accompanying editorial by D.L. Gilbert and R. Kurlan [2] caught my attention as being a perfect example of what modern medicine is doing, right and wrong in its current policies regarding the statistical treatment of patient data. Schrag et al. did a magnificent job surveying a database of 678,862 UK patients to search for assoc...

Diagnostics is cumbersome in intellectually disabled patients experiencing neuropsychiatric symptoms because of overlapping disorders and also because of the age-dependent terminology. In adults conditions leading to cognitive decline are called dementia, whereas during childhood or adolescence years the resulting condition is called intellectual disability (ID) even though the causes of dement...

Tourette syndrome is a common childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by chronic tics and frequent comorbid conditions such as attention deficit disorder. Most currently used tic-suppressing drugs are frequently associated with serious adverse events. Thus, alternative therapeutic agents with more favorable side-effect profiles are being evaluated. New hypotheses and recent stud...