ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The manipulation of peripheral neuronal activity can alter the excitability primary motor cortex; however, it is not known whether this occurs after intramuscular injections lidocaine. Therefore, investigation focused on neurophysiological changes, assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation, lidocaine (0.5mL, 2%) injection in first dorsal interosseous mu...

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive electrical discharge in brain, which causes seizures. The therapeutic strategy in countering epilepsy involves reducing neuronal excitability through different mechanistic pathway. Most therapeutics currently used in the treatment of epilepsy is either directed towards blocking voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels or potentiati...

After G-protein-coupled receptor activation and signaling at the plasma membrane, the receptor complex is often rapidly internalized via endocytic vesicles for trafficking into various intracellular compartments and pathways. The formation of signaling endosomes is recognized as a mechanism that produces sustained intracellular signals that may be distinct from those generated at the cell surfa...

Maturation of neuronal and synaptic functions during early life is essential for the development of neuronal circuits and behaviors. In newborns synaptic transmission at excitatory synapses is primarily mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), and NMDAR-mediated signaling plays an important role in synaptic maturation. Concomitant with synapse development, the intrinsic properties o...

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key player at the synapse regulating local translation and long-lasting synaptic plasticity. Now, a new study by Sosanya et al. (2013. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201212089) investigates the molecular mechanism of how mTOR suppresses local protein synthesis of a key potassium channel at activated synapses.

Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) plays important roles in the early development of the nervous system and has been implicated in neuronal plasticity in adult organisms. It induces long-term increases in sensory neuron excitability in Aplysia as well as a long-term enhancement of synaptic efficacy at sensorimotor synapses. In addition, TGF-beta1 acutely regulates synapsin phosphoryl...

29 Enhanced intrinsic neuronal excitability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons via 30 reductions in the postburst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) has been hypothesized to be a 31 biomarker of successful learning. This is supported by considerable evidence that 32 pharmacological enhancement of neuronal excitability facilitates learning. However, it 33 has yet to be demonstrated that pharmacological ...

39 Specific types of neurons show stable, predictable excitability properties while 40 other neurons show transient adaptive plasticity of their excitability. However, little 41 attention has been paid to how the cellular pathways underlying adaptive plasticity 42 interact with those that maintain neuronal stability. We addressed this question in the 43 pacemaker neurons from a weakly electric ...

Enhanced intrinsic neuronal excitability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons via reductions in the postburst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) has been hypothesized to be a biomarker of successful learning. This is supported by considerable evidence that pharmacologic enhancement of neuronal excitability facilitates learning. However, it has yet to be demonstrated that pharmacologic reduction of neuron...

Perceiving an external stimulus not only depends on the physical features of the stimulus, but also fundamentally on the current state of neuronal excitability, indexed by the power of ongoing alpha oscillations. Recent studies suggest that heightened excitability does not improve perceptual acuity, but biases observers to report the presence of a stimulus regardless of its physical presence. I...