Developmental neuronal cell death and axonal elimination are controlled by transcriptional programs, of which their nature and the function of their components remain elusive. Here, we identified the dual specificity phosphatase Dusp16 as part of trophic deprivation-induced transcriptome in sensory neurons. Ablation of Dusp16 enhanced axonal degeneration in response to trophic withdrawal, sugge...

Fighting off neuronal degeneration requires a well controlled T-cell response against self-antigens residing in sites of the CNS damage. The ability to evoke this response is normally suppressed by naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells (Treg). No physiological compound that controls Treg activity has yet been identified. Here, we show that dopamine, acting via type 1 dopamine recepto...

BACKGROUND The use and benefits of normobaric oxygen (NBO) in patients suffering acute ischemic stroke is still controversial. RESULTS Here we show for the first time to the best of our knowledge that NBO reduces both NMDA-induced calcium influxes in vitro and NMDA-induced neuronal degeneration in vivo, but increases oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced cell injury in vitro and ischemia-ind...

It has been reported that overproduction of reactive oxygen species occurs after brain injury and mediates neuronal cells degeneration. In the present study, we examined the role of Ras signaling on hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal cells degeneration in dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced cell viability in SH-SY5Y cultured cells. An inhibitor of t...

Objective(s) Motor deficit and neuron degeneration is seen after nerve transection. The aim of this study is to determine whether a poled polyvinelidene fluoride (PVDF) tube with other supportive strategies can protect the neuronal morphology and motor function after sciatic nerve transaction in rats. Materials and Methods After transection of the left sciatic nerve in 60 male Wistar rats (2...

BACKGROUND We have investigated whether an acute metabolic damage to astrocytes during the neonatal period may critically disrupt subsequent brain development, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. Astrocytes are vulnerable to glutaric acid (GA), a dicarboxylic acid that accumulates in millimolar concentrations in Glutaric Acidemia I (GA-I), an inherited neurometabolic childhood disease char...

Singh SP, Chhunchha B, Fatma N, Kubo E, Singh SP, Singh DP. Delivery of a protein transduction domain-mediated Prdx6 protein ameliorates oxidative stress-induced injury in human and mouse neuronal cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 310: C1–C16, 2016. First published October 7, 2015; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00229.2015.—Oxidative stress or reduced expression of naturally occurring antioxidants during a...

background: parkinson’s disease (pd) is a common neurodegenerative disease resulting from the degeneration of dopaminergic (da) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (snc). increasing evidence demonstrated that mice treated intranasally with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) suffered impairments in motor functions associated with disruption of da neurons in snc conceiv...

Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders (PNDs) are believed to be autoimmune neuronal degenerations that develop in some patients with systemic cancer. A series of genes encoding previously undiscovered neuronal proteins have been cloned using antiserum from PND patients. Identification of these onconeural antigens suggests a reclassification of the disorders into four groups: those in which neurom...

............................................................................................................................................................... 8 Review of the literature....................................................................................................................................... 9 1 Ethanol and the nervous system ...........................................