many studies indicate that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. oxidative stress can induce neuronal damages, modulate intracellular signaling and ultimately leads to neuronal death by apoptosis or necrosis. to review antioxidants preventive effects on oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases we accumulated data from international medical jou...

This paper introduces a computational model of integrated information in bidirectional neuron–astrocyte communication. Dynamical analysis and transfer process are studied when stimulation metabotropic glutamate is loaded into neuron astrocyte coupled model, respectively. The results show that the loading stimulus coupling strength cause neuronal hyper-excitation, which some way linked to epilep...

a b s t r a c t introduction: even today there is no effective drug therapy to prevent neuronal loss after brain stroke. in the present study we studied the effect of mitochondrial katp channel regulators on neuronal ultrastructure after ischemia reperfusion in the rat. materials & methods: rats temporarily subjected to four vessels occlusion for 15 minutes followed by 24 hours reperfusion with...

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular that present high-flow direct communication between the arteries and veins, not involving capillary beds. They can be progressive lead to various manifestations, including abnormal skin or mucosal findings, ischemia, hemorrhage, high-output heart failure in severe cases. AVMs often involve head neck region. Head region-specific clinical angioarchi...

Background: A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based lentiviral vector (LV) pseudotyped by a variant of rabies envelope glycoprotein, FUG-B2, has previously been prepared and used in transfection of hippocampal CA1 ("Cornu Ammonis" area 1) neurons. This study aimed to verify reactive gliosis and neuronal damage after injection of the vector into the rat hippocampus. Methods: HEK 293T...

Memories are thought to be encoded as a distributed representation in the neocortex. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been shown to support the expression of memories that initially depend on the hippocampus (HPC), yet the mechanisms by which the HPC and mPFC access the distributed representations in the neocortex are unknown. By measuring phase synchronization of local field potential (...

Two major types of intercellular communication are found in the central nervous system (CNS), namely wiring transmission (WT; point-to-point communication via private channels, e.g. synaptic transmission) and volume transmission (VT; communication in the extracellular fluid and in the cerebrospinal fluid). Volume and synaptic transmission become integrated because their chemical signals activat...

In mammals, acoustic communication plays an important role during social behaviors. Despite their ethological relevance, the mechanisms by which the auditory cortex represents different communication call properties remain elusive. Recent studies have pointed out that communication-sound encoding could be based on discharge patterns of neuronal populations. Following this idea, we investigated ...

In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that had progressed to result in a totally locked-in state (communication Stage V), in which all voluntary movements are lost and communication is impossible. In 11 patients, six had phosphorylated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (pTDP-43...