Seven C3 crop and three C3 weed species were grown from seed at 360 and at 700 cm3 m–3 carbon dioxide concentrations in a controlled environment chamber to compare dry mass, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and photosynthetic acclimation at ambient and elevated carbon dioxide. The dry mass at the final harvest at elevated carbon dioxide relative to ...

The effect of silicon (Si) priming and soil amendment with biochar (BC) was analysed in Chenopodium quinoa under normal salinity stressed conditions. Reduced growth parameters, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis stress were significantly ameliorated by Si BC. Applied BC treatment also enhanced the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthesis, maximal photochemical efficiency. I...

Leaf photosynthesis is pivotal for the synthesis of carbohydrates; however, growth and development horticultural crops are more closely related to canopy photosynthetic capacity. Measurements allow a better evaluation fruit tree performance at scale. Therefore, an open chamber system determine instantaneous apparent (CAPi) was investigated. CAPi slightly overestimated biomass accumulation by 5....

We describe a classification system for daily phytoplankton primary productivity models based on four implicit levels of mathematical integration. Depth-integrated productivity models have appeared in the literature on average once every 2 years over the past four decades. All of these models can be related to a single formulation equating depth-integrated primary production (2 PP) to surface p...

Global modeling efforts indicate semiarid regions dominate the increasing trend and interannual variation of net CO2 exchange with the atmosphere, mainly driven by water availability. Many semiarid regions are expected to undergo climatic drying, but the impacts on net CO2 exchange are poorly understood due to limited semiarid flux observations. Here we evaluated 121 site-years of annual eddy c...

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere are causing reduction in the global ocean pH, also known as ocean acidification. This change alters the equilibrium of different forms of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater that macroalgae use for their photosynthesis. In the Baltic Sea, benthic macroalgae live in a highly variable environment caused by seasonality and rapid cha...

Drought is a major environmental factor limiting crop productivity. Photosynthesis very sensitive to drought. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) are important in response abiotic stress. However, their functions remain unclear. Herein, we generated CgbHLH001 (a TF gene from halophyte Chenopodium glaucum)-overexpressed (OE) and ZmbHLH-RNA interference (Ri) maize lines inve...

The effect of 3,3-dichloro-2-(dihydroxyphosphinoylmethyl)propenoate (DCDP), an analog of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), on PEP carboxylase activity in crude leaf extracts and on photosynthesis of excised leaves was examined. DCDP is an effective inhibitor of PEP carboxylase from Zea mays or Pancum miliaceum; 50% inhibition was obtained at 70 or 350 micromolar, respectively, in the presence of I mil...

The single and combinational effects of cadmium (Cd) and fluoranthene (FLT) on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings were investigated. Exposure to 5, 10, or 15 mg Cd/L or 1, 5, or 10 mg FLT/L individually or in combination significantly decreased germination vigor (3 days) and final germination rate of soybean seeds, except at 1 and 5 mg FLT/L. The results of two-way ANOV...

Tropical forests have a mitigating effect on man-made climate change by acting as a carbon sink. For that effect to continue, tropical trees will have to acclimate to rising temperatures, but it is currently unknown whether they have this capacity. We grew seedlings of three tropical tree species over a range of temperature regimes (TGrowth = 25, 30, 35 °C) and measured the temperature response...