abstract   background : although, different studies on end-to-side nerve repair, results are controversial. the importance of this method in case is unavailability of proximal nerve. in this method, donor nerves also remain intact and without injury. in compare to other classic procedures, end-to-side repair is not much time consuming and needs less dissection. overall, the previous studies in ...

In this paper, distributed parameter process systems behavior is studied in frequency domain. Based on the dominant gain concept that is developed for such studies, a method is presented to control distributed parameter process systems. By using dominant gain concept, the location of open loop zeros, resulted from the time delay parameter in the process model, were changed from the right half p...

Although LCL filters are used widely in the grid connected inverters to reduce high-orderharmonics, such a system increases system order and therefore sustainable design of closed-loopcontroller system will be complicated. Recently, the single-loop control strategy has beensuggested for L or LC filter based grid-connected inverters. However, the use of single-loopcontrol directly in LCL filter-...

Introduction: Repair of peripheral nerve injuries is an intensive area of challenge and research in modern reconstructive microsurgery. Intensive research is being carried out to develop effective alternatives to the standard nerve autografting, avoiding its drawbacks. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly designed mechanical device for the reconstruction of the...

AIM To describe the origin, the course, and relationships of the labyrinthine artery (LA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thanks to a colored silicone mix preparation, ten cranial bases were examined using x3 to x40 magnification under surgical microscope. RESULTS The LA often arose from the meatal loop of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) (90%), or basilar artery (10%). The loop was ext...

PURPOSE To assess the value of a three-dimensional Fourier transformation MR technique "CISS" (constructive interference in steady state) in imaging the inner ear. SUBJECTS We studied 50 normal inner ears (40 axial, 10 coronal) and 10 pathologic inner ears in 60 patients. RESULTS The cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibulum were visualized in detail. Cranial nerve VII and the cochlear, ...

Nerve growth factor induces PC12 cells to differentiate from a chromaffin cell to a sympathetic neuronal phenotype. In contrast, PC12 cells, which stably express Wnt-1, a secreted signaling factor required for development of mammalian midbrain and cerebellum, fail to express differentiation-specific genes in response to nerve growth factor. Analysis of factors binding to E box-containing regula...

INTRODUCTION Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease primarily targeting the spinal cord and optic nerve leading to paralysis and blindness. The discovery of an antibody against the astrocytic water channel, aquaporin-4 (AQP4), in the majority of patients, has led to the presumption that the antibody was necessary for disease pathogenesis. The potential role of T cells in the centra...

Single unit activity in primary spindle afferent nerve fibres from finger and foot flexors was recorded with tungsten microelectrodes inserted into the median and peroneal nerves of healthy subjects. During voluntary fast alternating finger and foot movements, simulating the tremor of Parkinsonism, two types of discharges were seen in the Ia afferent fibres: (1) stretch responses occurring duri...

AIMS To determine the course of optic nerve radiations in the temporal lobe, especially their retinotopic organisation and the anterior limit of the Meyer's loop. METHODS 18 adult patients who had undergone a tailored temporal lobectomy for epilepsy were included in this study between 1994 and 1998. The rostrocaudal extent of the lateral temporal lobe resection assessed intraoperatively by th...