Anne sütü, insan ve diğer memeli yenidoğanlar için elzemdir. Yenidoğan bebekler anne sütü en önemli besin ögesidir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, yenidoğan bebek ölümlerinin azaltılması 2 yaşa kadar sütünü önermektedir. ile beslenme bebeğe güçlü doğal bağışıklık kazandırır. Bağışıklık sisteminin bileşenleri olan interferonlar, immünglobulinler, makrofajlar lenfositler sütünde bulunur. Kolostrum, meme sa...

The γ-interferon-induced enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and GTP-cyclohydrolase are key players in tumor immune escape mechanisms. We quantified serum levels of neopterin and tryptophan breakdown (tryptophan, kynurenine, and kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio) in addition to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) patients (n = 100) before radical prostatectomy ...

Anti-inflammatory properties of cacao, fruits of Theobroma cacao L. (Sterculiaceae), are well documented, and therapeutic applications are described for gastrointestinal, nervous, and cardiovascular abnormalities. Most, if not all of these disease conditions involve inflammation or immune activation processes. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and related biochemical pathways l...

BACKGROUND Circulating neopterin and the ratio of kynurenine to tryptophan (KYN/TRP) concentrations are biomarkers of immune activation that have been linked to cardiovascular and total mortality. Several in vitro studies indicated that tea flavonoids and other antioxidants can modulate tryptophan breakdown rates and neopterin production in immune cells. We aimed to assess the effects of regula...

Reactions, a relatively common phenomenon among leprosy patients in treatment, require early detection and proper management to prevent serious sequelae. It is generally accepted that reactional states are immunologically mediated and, as such, usually improve with immunomodulatory treatments such as corticosteroids or thalidomide. Neopterin, a product of gamma-interferon-activated macrophages,...

This study on a breast cancer survivor suffering from cancer-related fatigue (CaRF) and depression investigated the bidirectional relationship between cellular immune activity and subjective sleep. The 49-year-old patient (breast cancer diagnosis 5 years before the study, currently in remission) collected her full urine output for 28 days in 12-h intervals (8:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 a.m. ...

AIMS AND BACKGROUND Impairment of immune surveillance in the immediate postoperative period may accelerate the growth of tumor cells that remain despite radical resection in advanced cases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of major surgical trauma on host cellular immunity of gastric carcinoma cases. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Sixty-eight consecutive patients with gastric...

BACKGROUND Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) defects are inherited disorders characterized by monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency with decreased activity of one of the BH4-metabolizing enzymes. The aim of the study was to determine the utility of cultured skin fibroblasts for the diagnosis of these diseases. METHODS Neopterin and biopterin production and GTP cyclo...

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) can be challenging. PCNSL lesions are frequently located deep within the brain, and performing a cerebral biopsy is not always feasible. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of CSF neopterin, a marker of neuroinflammation, in immunocompetent patients with suspected PCNSL. METHODS We retrospect...

HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs) exhibit different protein binding affinities and achieve variable plasma and tissue concentrations. Degree of plasma protein binding may impact central nervous system penetration. This cross-sectional study assessed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) unbound PI concentrations, HIV-1 RNA, and neopterin levels in subjects receiving either ritonavir-boosted darunavir (DRV), ...