As survival is now increasing, care of the extremely preterm infant is now directed at strategies to minimize long-term morbidity. In this study, I review the current state-of-the-art outcomes for babies born at extremely low gestations and identify strategies that may be aimed at optimizing outcomes. With respect to anesthetic practice, I then go on to discuss important issues of pain manageme...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although opioid pain relievers are commonly prescribed in pregnancy, their association with neonatal outcomes is poorly described. Our objectives were to identify neonatal complications associated with antenatal opioid pain reliever exposure and to establish predictors of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). METHODS We used prescription and administrative data linked ...

Background: Birth asphyxia is a lack of blood flow or gas exchange to from the fetus in period immediately before, during, after birth process. can result profound systemic and neurologic sequelae due decreased and/or oxygen developing infant. one most common causes neonatal mortality morbidity globally. Aims Objectives: The aims this study were assess importance cranial Doppler as investigatio...

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of sucrose analgesia for procedural pain during the first week of life in preterm neonates in neonatal intensive care units on enhancing later clinical outcomes. METHODS A total of 107 preterm neonates who were born at <31 weeks' postconceptional age (PCA) entered this double-blind, randomized, controlled trial within 48 hours of birth at 3 level III univer...

Taking venous blood in neonates can be challenging. The discomfort felt when taking cause difficulties or even failure carrying out the procedure, so that collection must repeated another area. repetition of procedure has a negative impact on neonates, such as impaired psychological aspects and behavioral development. Vanilla extract similar aroma mother’s breast milk it was hypothesized could ...

background : due to the higher risk of  pain in preterm infants, pain management is important for such infants. the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of kangaroo care on the severity of pain and physiological parameters after heel-stick in preterm infants. materials and methods: this was a prospective and randomized controlled cross-over study. twenty preterm infants allocated ...

extractthere are some hypothesis that the children do not feel pain. these assumptions are based on circumstantial and theoretical evidence. this theory believes that children, especially infants are not able to understand the pain because their nervous system is immature. however, these assumptions are acceptable for all of people except about children. there is evidence that children continuo...

To date, morphine pharmacokinetics (PKs) are well quantified in neonates, but results about its efficacy are ambiguous. This work presents an analysis of a previously published study on pain measurements in mechanically ventilated preterm neonates who received either morphine or placebo to improve comfort during invasive ventilation. The research question was whether morphine reduces the pain a...

OBJECTIVE To identify potential prognostic factors for neonatal mortality among newborns referred to intensive care units. METHODS A live-birth cohort study was carried out in Goiânia, Central Brazil, from November 1999 to October 2000. Linked birth and infant death certificates were used to ascertain the cohort of live born infants. An additional active surveillance system of neonatal-based ...

OBJECTIVES Infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are routinely subject to a range of painful procedures. However, pain assessments in NICUs are under-utilized due to a lack of a gold standard pain measure. In this study we assessed the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the COVERS and Pain Assessment Tool (PAT), in a neonatal unit. METHODS We had 72 nurses use...