BACKGROUND The lumbar puncture (LP) is a procedural competency deemed necessary by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the Emergency Medicine and Pediatric Residency Review Committees. The emergency department (ED) is a primary site for residents to be evaluated performing neonatal LPs. Current evaluation methods lack validity evidence as assessment tools. OBJECTIVES ...

there is an increased prevalence of maternal substance abuse during pregnancy in younger women in all socioeconomic classes and races. our aim was to determine the prevalence and correlates of self-reported substance abuse among pregnant women and obstetric complications or neonatal outcomes in iran. this retrospective cohort study is covering a five year period on medical records of pregnant w...

 Introduction: In some intoxicated patients, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is examined due to the prolonged loss of consciousness, focal neurologic findings, and fever of unknown origin. We aimed to evaluate the probable relationship between the different toxicity causes and the CSF indices in poisoned patients and determine if they could predict the patients’ outcome. Methods: All patients who h...

Alzheimer Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Increasing evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is not restricted to the neuronal compartment, but includes strong interactions with immunological mechanisms in the brain. In vitro and animal studies have linked neuroinflammation to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Studies on marke...

Abstract The receptor for colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1R) is important the survival and function of myeloid cells that mediate pathology during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model multiple sclerosis (MS). CSF-1 IL-34, ligands CSF-1R, have similar bio-activities but distinct tissue context-dependent expression patterns, suggesting they different roles. This coul...

OBJECTIVE Nosocomial infections are one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitals. These are major public health problems worldwide, but particularly in developing countries. These infections have the most common frequency in pediatric hospitals-especially in neonatal wards- second to burn hospitals. In the present study, neonatal nosocomial infections have been revie...