This study tested the impact of moxidectin at peripartum on nematode fecal egg count (FEC) and clinical parameters on ewes in the high altitude tropical Andes of Colombia. FEC and clinical evaluations were performed on 9 occasions in 43 naturally infected ewes before and during gestation and after lambing. Moxidectin (Mox, 200 µg kg(-1)) was applied at late pregnancy (T 1, n = 15) or 48 hours a...

Immune responses elicited by nematode parasite infections are characterized by T helper 2 (Th2) cell induction. The immunologic basis for changes in intestinal physiology accompanying nematode infection is poorly understood. This study examined whether worm expulsion and associated goblet cell hyperplasia and muscle contractility share a similar immune basis by shifting the response from Th2 to...

Above- and belowground plant parts are simultaneously attacked by different pests and pathogens. The host mediates these interactions and physiologically reacts, e.g. with local and systemic alterations of endogenous hormone levels coupled with coordinated transcriptional changes. This in turn affects attractiveness and susceptibility of the plant to subsequent attackers. Here, the model plant ...

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is proving to be an attractive model organism for investigating innate immune responses to infection. Among the known pathogens of C. elegans is the bacterium Microbacterium nematophilum, which adheres to the nematode rectum and postanal cuticle, inducing swelling of the underlying hypodermal tissue and causing mild constipation. We find that on infection by ...

The present study is based on the investigation of a soil hyphomyces, Paecilomyces lilacinus, an opportunistic bio-control agent, in controlling root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on tomato in greenhouse conditions. P. lilacinus, effectively promoted the growth of plants inoculated with M. javanica by suppressing its pathogenesis as root galling by the nematode and egg mass production was ...

Phyllosphere microbial communities have an important role in plant growth and resistance to pathogen infection are partially influenced by leaf characteristics. Pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is one of the greatest threats pine trees spreading all over world. However, studies on plant–microbe interactions pathogens during nematode’s pathogenesis relationships chemical characteri...

Infection of the soybean root by the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) induces a well-documented, yet poorly understood, response by the host plant. The plant response, involving the differentiation of a feeding structure, or "syncytium," facilitates the feeding and reproduction of the nematode to the detriment of the host. We used a genetic system involving a single do...

Eosinophil accumulation is a defining feature of the immune response to parasitic worm infection. Tissue-resident cells, such as epithelial cells, are thought to initiate eosinophil recruitment. However, direct recognition of worms by eosinophils has not been explored as a mechanism for amplifying eosinophil accumulation. Here, we report that eosinophils rapidly migrate toward diverse nematode ...

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) has been shown to be crucial in parasite expulsion in several gastrointestinal nematode infection models. Data from both epidemiological studies with humans and experimental infections in animals imply a critical role for the type II helper response, dominated by IL-4, in host protection. Here we utilized inbred mice on two distinct backgrounds to document the involvement o...

Greenhouse studies have shown that when rough lemon (Citrus limon) seedlings infected with TyIenchulus semipenetrans were transplanted into soil infested with Glomus mosseae, the mycorrhizal fungus infection increased seedling growth compared to nonntycorrhizal seedlings. Tylenchulus semipenetrans significantly suppressed seedling growth below that of mycorrhizal seedlings. Histological observa...