Skin makes an excellent site for drug and vaccine delivery due to easy accessibility, immuno-surveillance functions, avoidance of macromolecular degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and possibility of self-administration. However, macromolecular drug delivery across the skin is primarily accomplished using hypodermic needles, which have several disadvantages including accidental needle-sti...

Injuries caused by needle sticks and sharps due to unsafe injection practices are the most common occupational hazard amongst health care personnel. The objectives of our study were to determine the existing knowledge and practices of interns and change in their level following an information education and communication (IEC) package regarding safe injection practices and related biomedical was...

Complex networks are the preferential framework to model spreading dynamics in several real-world complex systems. can describe contacts between infectious individuals, responsible for disease Understanding how network structure affects an epidemic outbreak is therefore of great importance evaluate vulnerability a and optimize control. Here we argue that best indexes (NSIs) predict extent based...

Background: Infectious hospital waste, including needles and sharp instruments, is one of the most important causes needle sticks. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate factors affecting disposal special medical waste with sticks among healthcare workers in hospitals at Iran University Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive-analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional were done regardin...

Aim: To study the prevalence and response to needle-stick injuries in a tertiary care hospital. Study design: Cross-sectional Place duration of study: Dept. Gen. Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from 01-06-2020 30-06-2022. Methodology: One hundred ninety three healthcare workers were recruited, including doctors, medical students, nurses, student nurses paramedics. Results: There 60(...