context the hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a highly infectious virus which spreads through blood and other infected fluids such as semen. individuals can be infected with the virus through sexual contact, by sharing needles or by a needle accident, by getting a body piercing or tattooing, and prenatally or at birth, if the mother is infected with the virus. evidence acquisition we searched medical ...

background: miscarriage is a common phenomenon complicating more than half of pregnancies. recurrent pregnancy loss (rpl) is defined as three or more pregnancies lost before the twentieth week of gestation. it is believed that abnormality in maternal immune reaction to fetus and sharing of hla antigens might be associated with rpl. objective: to investigate the effect of hla-drb1 sharing betwee...

as one of the most important components of a nations basic facilities, the networking of the library plays a vital role in terms of promoting the sharing of access to information. although the traditional methods of literature indexing and accessing will continue to exist and develop, library networking will become the new model and the direction for the development of the library. through the ...

as one way to approach industrial symbiosis, environmental infrastructure sharing is principally concerned with providing an integrated environmental utility system for clustered firms. it is based on the assumption that environmental infrastructure sharing can improve the regional competitive advantage by reducing overall cost and improving environmental performance. in order to verify the ass...

considered supply chain in this article consists of one vendor and multiple retailers where the vendor applies vendor managed inventory. considering vendor as a leader and retailers as followers, stackelberg game theory is applied for modeling and analyzing this system. a general mixed integer nonlinear model is developed which can optimizes the performance of the system under revenue sharing c...

Background and Objectives: Thyroid gland because of its superficial location is amenable to direct physical examination. Clinical assessment of thyroid lesions by means of physical examination, thyroid scans and ultrasonography is not completely reliable. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most cost-effective, safe and an initial diagnostic test in the pre-operative evaluation of thy...

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to record their pain sensation and to assess children`s reaction objectively and subjectively while receiving dental local anesthesia with 27- and 30-gauge needles. Methods: Forty children (24 boys and 16 girls) participated in this study. A random double-blinded crossover design was used so that each child served as his or her own control, rec...

needle insertion is a minimally invasive technique in diagnosing and treating tumors. however, to perform a surgery accurately, the tissue should have minimum amount of displacement during needle insertion so that it reaches the target tissue. therefore, the tissue membrane has to move less to decrease rupturing under the membrane. in this study, the effect of different design parameters on dis...