Alarm-calling behaviour is common in many species that suffer from predation. While kin selection or reciprocal altruism are typically invoked to explain such behaviours, several authors have conjectured that some alarm calls may instead be costly signals sent by prey to inform approaching predators that they have been detected. We develop a general game-theoretical model, the watchful babbler ...

Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore the diagnosis known as Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) and an intervention called body cooling or therapeutic hypothermia. This literature review will relate clinical setting investigate implications for neonatal nurse practitioner (NNP). research define discuss incidence, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, NNP. Discussion HIE wa...

Reclaimed wastewater for irrigation is an opportunity for recovery of this natural resource. In this study, microbial risk from the use of treated wastewater for irrigation of recreational parks in the city of Chihuahua, evaluating the effect of distribution distance, season, and presence of storage tanks, was analyzed. Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and multidrug-resistant bacteria were recover...

Multi-players dynamic game between government, parks managers and visitors is proposed in this paper to find out which party should invest money to visitor education and their optimal investment strategies. The game reveals that government should invest a lot of fund to helping the park managers to develop proper visitor education programmes when the visitor education the visitor education mark...

BACKGROUND Numerous pen devices are available to administer recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH), and both patients and health plans have varying issues to consider when selecting a particular product and device for daily use. Therefore, the present study utilized multi-dimensional product analysis to assess potential time involvement, required weekly administration steps, and utilization co...

non-parametric method to uncover periodic patterns of space use in animal tracking data” Guillaume Péron, Chris H. Fleming, Rogerio C. de Paula, and Justin M. Calabrese Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Rd., Front Royal, VA 22630 Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742 ...