We describe a meta-method for formal method integration [Pai97]. The approach is applied to combining formal methods with other formal and semiformal methods. We discuss the theory behind formal method integration, present two example combinations, and use an integrated method in solving a small problem.

First, the anthropological and demographic literature on fertility in Africa shows that the desire for a family factors heavily in young women's contraceptive choices.2,3 Our own work in Kenya and Malawi provides robust evidence that sexually active young adults use contraception to plan their families.4,5 Furthermore, many young people avoid modern contraceptive methods because they fear it wi...

INTRODUCTION Practice-based research continues to evolve and has become a major methodology for many pragmatic studies. While early practice-based network projects were usually short term, current studies often introduce or compare practice innovations that require long-term evaluation. That change requires that practice sites remain engaged in research work for up to 5 years, a time that can a...

The Clinica Para Madres (Mother?s Clinic) opened in Tucson, Arizona, in December of 1934 as the first birth control [3] clinic in Arizona. After moving to Tucson, birth control [3] activist Margaret Sanger, along with a group of local philanthropic women, founded the clinic to provide Arizona women with contraception [4]. During the early 1900s in the US, contraception [4] was illegal under the...