For Millikan, purpose pervades the biological order, including the genes and genetically encoded traits of every living thing, the unconditioned reflexes and conditioned behavior of every animal, artifacts produced by humans or non-humans. There are also the conscious, explicit purposes and intentions of human beings. These are purposes in “a quite univocal sense,” Millikan insists. “In all cas...

Interpretive signs provide an important tool for enhancing visitor knowledge and understanding during a natural area experience. The Tree Top Walk (TTW) site in Western Australia adopted a minimal approach to interpretive signs to reduce distractions and allow the site to speak for itself. A 1999 pilot visitor survey indicated that many visitors were frustrated at this approach and wanted more ...

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is common among women worldwide. A multitude of risk factors aggravate the disease. This study was conducted to: (1) determine the prevalence and (2) make a comparative analysis of the socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors of cervical cancer and knowledge, attitude and practice between rural and urban women of North Bengal, India. STUDY DESIGN Community-bas...

Fast and unplanned city growth, has effects such as isolation of village societies, threatening urbancores and centers and small and weak societies, destruction of open spaces and open and natural regions. Smart growthoffers a sustainable way for urban developing with appropriate use of available sources, increase of urban services,developing neighborhoods with different uses, making public tra...

There is a rapidly growing need for technologies that will enable the monitoring of the world's natural resources and urban assets, and managing exposure to natural and human-made (i.e. technological) risk. This need is driven by continued, geographically disproportionate urbanization, inherent vulnerability and exposure to risk therein and the stress placed on natural resource capacity. Consid...

Objective: The role and importance of urban green space in urban life and physical stability and effectiveness of the system returns to different urban ecological, economic and social, it is undeniable, As far as public green space per capita in cities and urban management planning program is considered one of the main discussion. Urban green spaces should be one of the most essential factors t...

Objective: The role and importance of urban green space in urban life and physical stability and effectiveness of the system returns to different urban ecological, economic and social, it is undeniable, As far as public green space per capita in cities and urban management planning program is considered one of the main discussion. Urban green spaces should be one of the most essential factors t...

Cities present significant opportunities for new landscape perspectives that can help inform conservation and development decisions. Early in the twenty-first century, the majority of the planet’s population became urban as more people lived in city-regions for the first time in our history. As the global population increases, so does this urbanization. The environmental challenges of populatio...

We consider young children's construals of biological phenomena and the forces that shape them, using Carey's (1985) category-based induction task that demonstrated anthropocentric reasoning in young urban children. Follow-up studies (including our own) have questioned the generality of her results, but they have employed quite different procedures and either have not included urban children or...