Australia’s transport greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are high and continue to grow, with current levels approximately one-third higher than in 1990 and increasing by around 1% annually. Efforts to curtail and reverse this growth have not been successful to date. In recent times, national policy development and debate has centred on market-based mechanisms to reduce GHG emissions, namely an emis...

Enforcement of policy is typically delegated. What sort of mission should the head of an enforcement program be given? When there is more than one firm being regulated the firms’ decision problems – otherwise completely separate – become linked in a way that depends on that mission. Under some sorts of missions firms compete to avoid the attention of the enforcer by competitive reductions in th...

Given a set of elements, each having a profit and cost associated with it, and a budget, the 0-1 knapsack problem finds a subset of the elements with maximum possible combined profit subject to the combined cost not exceeding the budget. In this paper we study a stochastic version of the problem in which the budget is random. We propose two different formulations of this problem, based on diffe...

Vol. 14 The National Food Survey of Great Britain households. From the nutritional aspect these families are of high importance, because they contained about a quarter of the children in all households surveyed. The annual average calcium intakes for these families can be obtained with a standard error of 0.8% so that differences between two sample annual averages must be just over 2% to achiev...

A new approach to universal health insurance combining managed competition and global budgets promises to break the impasse blocking comprehensive health reform. The central innovation is the development of regional health insurance purchasing cooperatives (HIPCs) as managers and reorganizers of the market and platforms for global budgets. Financing would be based on community-rated premiums, w...

K e y w o r d s : Health services, personel, measurement, scheduling 1 . I n t r o d u c t i o n A few years ago a system of budgetting was introduced in Dutch hospitals. The Dutch National Hospital Board and the National Consultants Union together published a declaration of intent regarding the budgetting situation. Some important points are: cost budgets and activities have to be completely m...

It has been debated since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) whether the ICPD program of action constitutes population policy. Opponents of the ICPD reproductive health approach argue that vertical family planning programs will be more cost-effective, while proponents counter that the reproductive health approach will be more cost-effective in meeting demogr...