BACKGROUND/AIM Until recently, diagnosis of disorders of the lacrimal system has depended on digital dacryocystography and on clinical examinations such as the fluorescein dye test, lacrimal probing, and irrigation. The lacrimal system and its mucous membranes can now be viewed directly with a lacrimal endoscope. While the first endoscopes were rigid and limited by poor picture quality in axial...

A wide array of pathogenic factors has been associated with lacrimal drainage system obstruction including inflammatory conditions originating from the eye, conjunctiva, lacrimal mucosa, nose and paranasal sinuses; trauma; congenital abnormalities; radiotherapy and neoplasms. Inflammatory conditions initially cause lac-rimal mucosal swelling but may lead to fibrotic narrowing or obstruction of ...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the standard treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Only in rare cases, blockage may be caused by malignant tumors and even more exceptionally by lymphatic neoplasms so that biopsies are not routinely taken for diagnostic purposes. METHODS A computerized retrieval system was used for this retrospective study to identify all patients wi...

BACKGROUND A congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is a relatively common disease in infants. We evaluated the results of probing three patients with CNLDO, under direct view, with a dacryoendoscope. METHODS Three cases of CNLDO were examined and treated by probing with a dacryoendoscope, under intravenous anesthesia. The diameter of the dacryoendoscope probe was 0.7 mm, and we wer...

Linear compartmental analysis was applied to lacrimal scintigraphy data from asymptomatic and obstructed lacrimal systems. Failure to achieve satisfactory results in most of the asymptomatic systems studied suggests that variable tear flow is a feature of normal lacrimal drainage which precludes linear analysis. However, in cases where the analysis was successful the results were consistent wit...

Ectopic eruption of teeth in non-dental sites is a rare phenomenon; It may be symptomless but is more commonly associated with inflammatory symptoms. It can present in a variety of ways such as chronic or recurrent sinusitis, sepsis, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, headaches, ostiomeatal complex disease and facial numbness. The treatment of choice is surgical excision which is mostly carried out...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Epidemic Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis Most clinicianswould agree that there is no reason to obtain a magnetic resonance (MR) scan to evaluate a patient with viral conjunctivitis.Wescheduledapatient foranannualMRscan to monitor his optic nerve meningiomas. By coincidence, he had florid viral conjunctivitis the day the scan was performed. It showed severe eyelid e...

PURPOSE To report the prevalence of amblyopia risk factors in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. METHODS A retrospective review of records of children with the diagnosis of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO), who underwent probing from January 2009 to October 2011, was done. All of them underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation including cycloplegic refracti...