Introduction Nasal septal perforation is the loss of composite tissue comprising mucosa, bone or cartilage structures that form nasal septum. septum has many causes. Though it may be idiopathic, most common causes are iatrogenic like surgeries. Among other reasons hematoma, picking habit, cauterization due to nosebleeds, nasotracheal intubation, cocaine use, vasculitis, inflammatory diseases su...

The introduction of intranasal corticosteroid (INS) has been the most important therapeutic progress in rhinitis management since the introduction of the first generation of antihistamines. Our knowledge of the mode of action of INS has improved as the airway mucous membrane of the nose is easily accessible for investigation. INS is highly effective in diseases characterized by eosinophil-domin...

The loss of anterior teeth has serious functional, esthetic disabilities, in addition to compromising the patients' quality of life. Various etiologies can be attributed to the anterior tooth loss, including trauma, caries, and periodontal diseases. The chronic mouth breathing due to nasal adenoids is known to enhance the gingival and periodontal diseases. The dental literature proves the assoc...

Cough is a phenomenon frequently associated with upper airway diseases and as a reflex is modulated by many afferent inputs either from respiratory tussigenic areas, but also by afferent drive from other organs. Modulation of cough by nasal afferent inputs could either facilitate cough response or inhibit it in animal models, depending on the type of trigeminal afferents which are stimulated. I...

Sinonasal tumors often mimick inflammatory diseases. If misdiagnosed, results are life threatening. This article comprises of study done on 5 patients who presented with nasal mass. They underwent clinical examination, diagnostic endoscopy, radiology and histopathological examination (HPE). Thorough evaluation helps the surgeon diagnose rare cases thus preventing detrimental outcomes. Herein we...

A novel disposable transnasal esophagoscope, the E.G. Scan (IntroMedic Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea), was developed for the evaluation of esophageal diseases while eliminating the inconvenience associated with sterilization, portability, patient monitoring, complications, and the economic burden of sedation. The feasibility, safety, and tolerability of the first version of the E.G. Scan was evaluated...

The olfactory system (OS) is involved in many infectious and neurodegenerative diseases, both human and animal, and it has recently been investigated in regard to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Previous assessments of nasal mucosa infection by prions following intracerebral challenge suggested a potential centrifugal spread along the olfactory nerve fibers of the pathological prion ...

Idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis (LPR) is recognised frequently in dogs with clinical signs typical of other chronic nasal diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical signs, survey radiographic, rhinoscopic and histologic abnormalities and the response to therapy in dogs with LPR. It was a retrospective study of 33 client-owned animals of various breeds and ages that had ...

Mycobacterium marinum is a ubiquitous waterborne organism that mainly causes skin infection in immunocompetent patients, and its disseminated infection is rare. Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) usually localizes at the nasal and/or paranasal area, but occasionally disseminates into the skin/soft tissue and gastrointestinal tract. Compromised immunity is a risk factor for develop...