The Rytov theory is applied to find the wave structure function of a laser beam transmitted from one satellite to another and propagating through the turbulent atmosphere. The phase-screen approximation is used. Taking into account refractive-index anisotropy, outer scale, and atmospheric mean-refraction defocusing, we provide expressions of the wave structure function for a spherical wave. The...

The PEP-I1 high energy ring (HER) vacuum chamber consists of a copper tube with periodically spaced p u m p ing slots. The impedance of the vacuum chamber due to the slots is analyzed. Both narrow-band and broadband impedances are considered as well as longitudinal and transverse components thereof. It is found that although the broad-band impedance is tolerable, the narrow-band impedance may e...

To monitor the beam profile in injector of BEPCII which is the upgrade project of Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC). Several beam diagnostic and monitoring instruments are used. Wire scanner as a new diagnostic instrument was designed and manufactured to measure the beam profile at the end of linac in 2007.During the shutdown period of BEPCII we had installed the system at the end of li...

Hadron radiotherapy is a cutting-edge cancer treatment method. Proton and carbon ion beams are frequently used in modern therapeutic centers. The Bragg peak at the end of the particle range delivers a higher radiation dose to tumors situated close to critical organs. However, the accuracy of the dose deposition in the tumor volume depends on the irradiation method. The present paper presents a ...

I provide a test of narrow framing to explain why individuals turn down small positive expected value lotteries. Participants in a large survey have been asked whether they would accept a small lottery of winning 180 euros with probability of 1/2 or losing 100 euros with the same probability. To half of the sample, randomly selected, the lottery question was asked at the beginning of the interv...

Beam pipes of high-energy superconducting colliders require a shielding tube (liner) with pumping slots to screen cold chamber walls from synchrotron radiation. Pumping slots in the liner walls are required to keep high vacuum inside the beam pipe and provide for a long beam lifetime. As previously discussed [Fedotov and Gluckstern, Phys. Rev. E 54, 1930 (1996)], for a long narrow slot whose le...