Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important driver of countries’ economic development. Factors such as looser environmental regulations may cause dirty FDI to flow mainly developing countries. This explained by the Pollution Haven Hypothesis. The paper aims investigate whether Hypothesis valid in Turkey using nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach for period 1974–2017. re...

Purpose The authors explore the relationship between exchange rate, bond yield and stock market as well effect of capital dynamics on rate before during COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach employ a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) methodology using daily data Indonesian economy over period 2012–2021. Findings Whilst, full sample period, find no cointegration 10-year ...

Risk ve getiri hisse senedi analizinde kullanılan en önemli iki parametredir. Bu nedenle risk getiriyi etkileyen faktörleri tespit etmek amacıyla literatürde pek çok çalışma bulunmaktadır. faktörlerin üzerindeki etkileri artarken azalırken farklı olabilir. çalışmada işletmelerin finansal oranlarının, riskleri doğrusal olmayan analiz edilmektedir. Finansal oranlarda meydana gelen artış azalışlar...

This study examines the nonlinear effect of energy use including coal, gas, oil, and electricity on CO2 emissions in European Union (EU) countries. Annual panel data twenty-one countries i.e. Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Netherland, Norway, Spain, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine from 19...

The US dollar is the most prevalent currency to settle internationally traded merchandise. A few existing studies demonstrate that can significantly impact a country’s trade balance with non-US partner. Nevertheless, current literature indicates remarkable deficiency of empirical results for case India despite vital importance in its international trade. Recognizing European Union (EU) as large...

The primary goal of this analysis was to determine the impact inflation, poverty, unemployment, and population growth on economic in Pakistan using time series data from 1986 2020. stationarity for variables tested through unit root testing, while asymmetric (NARDL) technique applied expose association amid via short-run long-run dynamics. outcomes show that (1) variable inflation poverty have ...