The present study was undertaken to the effect of different minerals on infertility in cows (n=885) belonging Northern Western Himalayan regions state. Cows suffering from types such as endometritis, anestrus, silent estrus and showing metestrual bleeding were evaluated compared with normal cyclic pregnant cows. Minerals calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, copper, zinc, sodium, potassium. levels c...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies examining the role of tetrodotoxin-sensitive ion channels in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal damage have concluded that sodium influx is an important initiating event. We examined the neuroprotectant effect of tetrodotoxin on both cultured cerebellar neurons and on CA1 hippocampal neurons of gerbils exposed to brain ischemia. METHODS We studied neuroprotective mechani...

In most plants the concentration of sodium is much lower in the leaves than in the roots. In other species, however, there seems to be an equal distribution of this element between the shoots and the roots. The squash plant, Cucurbita ~, used in the present study is an example of the type of plant that in respect to the roots maintains a relatively low sodium concentration in its leaves. When t...

Lactate production is enhanced by adding calcium carbonate or sodium hydroxide during fermentation. However, Bacillus coagulans 2-6 can produce more than 180 g/L L-lactic acid when calcium lactate is accumulated, but less than 120 g/L L-lactic acid when sodium lactate is formed. The molecular mechanisms by which B. coagulans responds to calcium lactate and sodium lactate remain unclear. In this...

Attachment assays of a Pseudomonas isolate to fused silica slides showed that treatment with DNaseI significantly inhibited cellular adsorption, which was restored upon DNA treatment. These confirmed the important role extracellular (eDNA) adsorption surface. To investigate eDNA mechanism, single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) used measure silicon surfaces in presence different concentratio...

The use of flame photometers has greatly simplified and expedited the estimation of sodium and potassium. Calcium is one of the elements which it is possible to determine by flame photometry, but little advantage has been taken of this fact in biological work for a number of reasons. The concentration of calcium in extracellular fluids is usually less than that of potassium ; a given quantity o...

Chlorine is usually combined with inorganic compounds, such as sodium or calcium, to produce hypochlorites, which are effective disinfectants. Chlorine mixed with sodium is a liquid bleach known as sodium hypochlorite NaOCl. Chlorine mixed with calcium is usually in granular or tablet form and is called calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCL)2. Chlorine may also be available as chlorine dioxide (ClO2). Ho...

Investigations concerning the ionic basis of the action potential in nerve and muscle have revealed a variety of mechanisms ranging from total dependence on sodium, first described quantitatively in the squid axon (Hodgkin & Huxley, 1952), to total dependence on calcium in crustacean muscles (Fatt & Ginsborg, 1958; Abbott & Parnas, 1965; Hagiwara & Naka, 1964; Hagiwara & Nakajima, 1966). Betwee...

A main mechanism of idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in calcium stone-forming patients (IHSF) is postprandial reduction of renal tubule calcium reabsorption that cannot be explained by selective reduction of serum parathyroid hormone levels; the nephron site(s) responsible are not as yet defined. Using fourteen 1-h measurements of the clearances of sodium, calcium, and endogenous lithium during a...