Stem cell localization, conservation, and differentiation is believed to occur in niches in the marrow stromal microenvironment. Our recent observation that long-term in vitro human hematopoiesis requires a stromal heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) led us to hypothesize that such HSPG may orchestrate the formation of the stem cell niche. We compared the structure and function of HS from M2-10...

Government regulations to address technological risks are important for the successful development and application of nanotechnology, but there is an ongoing debate in the USA about who is responsible for the regulation of nanotechnology. In a mail survey of leading US nano-scientists, we examine scientists’ perceptions about nano-regulation, including the government level (local, national, or ...

Sulfation of metabolites is the second highest phase II modification in humans, which plays a critical role xenobiotics clearance process and gut microbiota-host co-metabolism. Besides main function to remove from body, sulfated have also been linked inflammation, bacterial pathogenesis metabolic disorders. A better understanding how these impact human body has turned into an important research...

Glycomics is an international initiative aimed to understand the structure and function of the glycans from a given type of cell, tissue, organism, kingdom or even environment, as found under certain conditions. Glycomics is one of the latest areas of intense biological research. Glycans of marine sources are unique in terms of structure and function. They differ considerably from those of terr...

In this study, a chemically modified homo zwitterionic polysaccharide (ZPS), sulfated chitosan, was used to examine its effects on murine immune response. The results showed that homoZPS could markedly promote the proliferation of both splenic T/B cells and adhesive cells. In particular, flow cytometry assay demonstrated that the sulfated chitosan could non-specifically activate CD3(+) and CD8(...

We investigated anticancer effects of the crude polysaccharides (CPs) isolated from Ecklonia cava enzymatic extracts using AMG, Viscozyme, Protamex, and Alcalase enzyme against a colon cancer cell line, CT26 cells. Among them, the CP of Protamex extract (PCP) contained the highest fucose and sulfated group contents and showed the highest growth inhibitory effect against CT-26 cells. In addition...

Cryptosporidium parvum is an apicomplexan parasite that can cause serious watery diarrhea, cryptosporidiosis, in human and other mammals. C. parvum invades gastrointestinal epithelial cells, which have abundant glycosaminoglycans on their cell surface. However, little is known about the interaction between C. parvum and glycosaminoglycans. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory effect of sul...

Forty-one chiral sulfoxides and sulfinate esters were separated using sulfated beta-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl beta-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors. Binding constants of some analytes to both chiral selectors were measured in order to examine and help explain the observed migration behavior and enantioselectivity trends. Overall, sulfated beta-cyclodextrin separated a greater number of com...

Codium fragile and Codium vermilara biosynthesize water-soluble sulfated arabinans and galactans (and/or sulfated arabinogalactans), alpha(1-->4)-D-glucans and beta(1-->4)-D-mannans. The former polysaccharides are composed by 3-linked beta-D-galactopyranose and beta-L-arabinopyranose residues, they are highly sulfated and substituted with pyruvic acid ketals. For both seaweeds, they have the sa...