Nano-scale vacuum channel transistors possess merits of higher cutoff frequency and greater gain power as compared with the conventional solid-state transistors. The improvement in cathode reliability is one of the major challenges to obtain high performance vacuum channel transistors. We report the experimental findings and the physical insight into the field induced crystalline-to-amorphous p...

We present the fabrication and optical characterization of nano-scale solid immersion lenses (nano-SILs) with sizes down to a subwavelength range. Submicron-scale cylinders fabricated by electron-beam lithography (EBL) are thermally reflowed to form a spherical shape. Subsequent soft lithography leads to nano-SILs on transparent substrates, i.e. glass, for optical characterization with visible ...

microscopy (SPM) for nano-scale imaging with confocal Raman spectroscopy for chemical characterization. Challenges with tip quality, optical alignment, consistency and speed, however, have made the technique difficult and complex. New instrumentation is addressing these challenges, allowing TERS to migrate from pure research to routine laboratory analysis. These systems provide correlated nano-...

Gels of calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H) are the glue that is largely responsible for the mechanical properties of cement. Despite their practical relevance, their nano-scale structure and mechanics are still mainly unexplored, because of the difficulties in characterizing them in a complex material like cement. We propose a colloidal model to investigate the gel mechanics emerging in the crit...

Nano imprint lithography(NIL) is a cost-efficient, highthroughput processing technique to transfer nano-scale patterns onto thin polymer films. Polymers used as the resist include UV cured resins as well as thermoplastics such as polymethyl-methacrylate(PMMA). In this study, an analytic investigation was performed for the NIL process of transferring nano scale patterns onto polymeric films. Pro...

Bio-inspired communication (BC) is the next generation of communications at nano-scale, especially, in fluid media. Recent researches on BC still remains limited, questions on how to build a communication system from a bio-physical environment, or how to modulate information in such a environment are really challenging. Further, geometric shape of medium (free space, half space, box...) also af...

Introduction Scaling and integration of complementary metaloxide-semiconductor devices have made great development in the pursuit of higher performance and lower power consumption. Elemental devices of field effect transistors have been going through a transition from planar to three-dimensional structures for overcoming the physical limitation of thickness for the gate insulator. However, due ...

BACKGROUND Large bone defects resulting from trauma or disease pose a threat to humans. Thus far, tissue engineering as an important clinical approach uses cells, growth factors and scaffolds to regenerate large areas of damaged bone tissue. Since bone is a nanocomposite structure, it is assumed that nanomaterial scaffolds can induce or promote osteogenesis by mimicking the cell niche at nano l...

−An intersection of two worlds, emerging nanotechnologies and network/communication theory, is poised to change the nature of information assurance. New communication paradigms will be derived from the transition from microto nano-scale devices. The related degrees of freedom and constraints associated with these new technologies will change our notions about efficient networks, system design a...