PURPOSE Lipid suspensions as drug carriers, including conventional liposomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, proniosomes, niosomes, PEG-PPG-PEG niosomes and stratum corneum liposomes (cerosomes), were formulated and compared. METHODS Lipid vesicles were formulated and assessed with regards to enhancement of skin permeation of diclofenac and stability profiles of the formulations. Formulation-indu...

Abstract Purposes Calcium channel blockers, such as diltiazem (DLZ), are important drugs for wound repair treatment. This current study used an ultrasonic method to increase the cutaneous delivery of (DLZ) niosomes. Methods The impact cholesterol:surfactant ratio on DLZ-loaded niosome formulations was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), electr...

Transdermal drug delivery system appears to be most promising delivery system due to their merits over conventional delivery systems. Recently, various strategies have been used to augment the transdermal delivery of bioactives. Mainly, they include iontophoresis, electrophoresis, sonophoresis, chemical permeation enhancers, microneedles, and vesicular system (liposomes, niosomes, elastic lipos...

BACKGROUND Efficacy of topical methotrexate in psoriasis is limited by its penetration. AIMS The study involved the preparation of niosomal methotrexate in chitosan gel and to test the same for irritation and sensitization on healthy human volunteers followed by assessing the efficacy of the gel through double-blind placebo-controlled study on psoriasis patients and also comparing its efficac...

An eye is the most precious and easily accessible organ of the body. It possesses easy route to local drug delivery and is a way to non-invasive clinical treatment of ocular diseases. Ocular delivery in spite of possessing various advantages has the limitation of poor bioavailability and low permeability across the cornea thus, limiting the efficacy of drugs. Therefore, various carrier systems ...