1.1 introduction “i see translation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does not seem to be translated. a good translation is like a pane of glass. you only notice that it’s there when there are little imperfections- scratches, bubbles. ideally, there shouldn’t be any. it should never call attention to itself.” “norman shapiro” (venuti, 1995:1) edward fitzgerald is the br...

efl/esl textbooks have been regarded as essential language teaching materials with which the learners spend about 70 up to 90 percent of their class time. the important role they play and their vast use make them not only influential in learning the language but also in shaping values and attitudes. put it another way, textbooks socialize learners using their contents (i.e. texts, illustrations...

abstract: advertisements are the most accessible type of authentic materials, and this is one reason why they are used more and more in english teaching classes. for this cause, studies in the field of advertisements are very widespread nowadays. for pun is one aspect which makes advertisements more interesting, it is used more than before in advertisements. use of puns makes an advertisement m...

Objective: this study focuses on viewpoint of instructors about addiction prevention elements in the content of the thinking and life style book of seventh grade in academic year 2013-14. Method: this study is a descriptive survey with sample of 74 instructors of seventh grade, selected by proportional stratified random method. The study tool is author designed inventory to review perceptions a...

  Background and Aim: Clinical education is fundamental to nursing science. One of the most important domains in clinical education is clinical evaluation. Today, new methods in evaluation such as ”BARS” can measure expected behaviors in specific job better than old methods, because of their structure that focus on specific behaviors of job. So, they may be effective for quality improvement in ...

Introduction. One of the most important activities of leadership and management in educational organizations is supervising instructors’ performance. Supervision can be applied as administrative or clinical supervision. Administrative supervision is usually performed through official channels, and clinical supervision takes place using individuals’ relationship and is based on promoting instru...