Also the optical fiber amplifiers FAs that amplify weak signals such as the. Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers, Michael J.F.Chapter 2. Optical and Electronic Properties of Rare Earth Ions in Glasses William J Miniscalco Abstract-HiRes PDF 2316 KB-PDF wlinks 2330 KB.amplifier materials in the system of rare-earth doped glasses are presented. rare-earth-doped ram concept manual pdf fib...

Digital Earth is a virtual representation of the planet, an information system with tremendous amount of multi-resolution and multi-scale data as shown in multiple dimensions. By acquiring the large amount of data of the Earth, and utilizing the techniques of computer, image and graphic processing, network, virtual reality and so on to study the real earth and its relevant phenomena in digital ...

constructed upon a height (by footing) or breaking in to the ground, in a building, making a close relation between earth and soil is of great importance. in addition, earth as a prior factor in creation of a shade and residence, plays a crucial role in architecture history. throughout the different area, earth is paid attention differently: as a source of cool (in china), a source of heat (cap...

A satellite communications system is based on antennas in a stable orbit above the earth. Satellites serve as relay stations in the sky. The basic idea of satellite communications is that two stations on earth discuss via one or more satellites. So a little bit of satellite-related terminology: 1. Earth station is an antenna on or near the surface of the earth. 2. Uplink is a transmission from ...

Minimum-mass tether designs are developed for a spinning human transport that not only provides artificial gravity, but also the potential for free-return aborts. The investigation reveals that severing the tether can provide a propellant-free boost to return astronauts to Earth in the event of an aborted landing on Mars. Earth–Mars–Earth, Earth–Mars–Venus–Earth, and Earth–Venus–Mars–Earth traj...

One of the main concerns to design earth dam is the stability of the upstream slope of the earth dam in phase of rapid drawdown. Confined pore water pressure reduces the effective stress in this mode, so possibility of the instability and slippage will be increased. The main goal of this research is to investigate changes in the pore water pressure by using horizontal drains in upstream slope o...

magnetotelluric (mt) method is an electromagnetic technique that uses the earth natural field to map the electrical resistivity changes in subsurface structures. because of the high penetration depth of the electromagnetic fields in this method (tens of meters to tens of kilometers), the mt data is used to investigate the shallow to deep subsurface geoelectrical structures and their dimensions....

International Journal of Digital Earth is concerned with the science and technology of Digital Earth and its applications in all major disciplines. The journal has a wide range of interest, but the principal topics are: Digital Earth Framework, Digital Earth Applications, Digital Earth Architecture and Standards, Digital Earth and Earth Systems, Geoinformatics, Geo-spatial Science, Mobile Mappi...

abstract the prediction of active earth pressures is essential to the design of retaining walls in case of reinforced and unreinforced soils. in this study, a new analytical method is presented to determine the coefficient of earth pressure. the horizontal slice method is used to compute the active earth pressure behind a rigid retaining wall in consideration of the granular soils. to verify th...