In this paper we first describe the novel implementation of a tangible user interface framework, namely the MagicPad. The MagicPad is inspired by the concept of Spatial Augmented Reality. By using an Infrared pen with any flat surface, such as a paper pad that receives projected images from a projector, a user is able to perform a variety of interactive visualization and manipulation in the 3D ...

Formal concept analysis (FCA) is a method of exploratory data analysis. The data is in the form of a table describing relationship between objects (rows) and attributes (columns), where table entries are grades representing degrees to which objects have attributes. The main output of FCA is a hierarchical structure (so-called concept lattice) of conceptual clusters (so-called formal concepts) p...

We contrast the concept underlying t-norm-based propositional fuzzy logics with the problem to whose solution fuzzy logics are frequently suggested as helpful – namely, to find a model of reasoning with vague information. We argue that fuzzy logics are useful as long as truth values can be identified with the meaning of the considered propositions. This, however, is rarely the case in practice;...

The Matrix-Tree Theorem is a well-known combinatorial result relating the value of the minors of a certain square matrix to the sum of the weights of the arborescences (= rooted directed trees) in the associated graph. We prove an extension of this result to algebraic structures much more general than the field of real numbers, namely commutative semirings. In such structures, the first law (ad...

The semantics of Statecharts macro steps, as introduced by Pnueli and Shalev, lacks compositionality. This paper rst analyzes the compositionality problem and traces it back to the invalidity of the Law of the Excluded Middle. It then characterizes the semantics via a particular class of linear, intuitionistic Kripke models, namely stabilization sequences. This yields, for the rst time in the l...

Microbiological research on and diagnostics of highly pathogenic microorganisms, namely bacteria and viruses, have to be conducted in containment laboratories in order to contain the infectious material. We are therefore referring to the ‘‘Concept of Biocontainment’’ – a concept, which dates back to the 1940s, when the first biosafety cabinet (BSC) class III was developed at the US Army Biologi...

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a concept of equivalence between machine learning algorithms. We define two notions of algorithmic equivalence, namely, weak and strong equivalence. These notions are of paramount importance for identifying when learning properties from one learning algorithm can be transferred to another. Using regularized kernel machines as a case study, we illustrate...

Abstract Background Nowadays combination therapy has become more popular due to their additional effect, synergistic effect and antagonistic effect. Any of these can influence the treatment profile. Combination is used treat some chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cancer etc. But recently India banned fixed dose drug combinations increased chances adverse effects interactions. So it ...

The aim of this paper is to use the concept of the metafrontier function to study the determination of efficiency differentials and Technological Gap Ratio (TGR) on wheat production in Khorasan Razavi province. In this study, we used the metafrontier function and group frontier based on the concept of Stochastic Nonparametric Envelopment of Data analysis (StoNED). The data used in this stud...