Fluoride ions play a critical role in preventing tooth decay. We investigated the microscopic effects of fluoride ions on hydroxyapatite (100) surface dissolution using in situ atomic force microscopy. In the presence of 10 mM NaF, individual surface step retraction velocities decreased by about a factor of 5 as compared to NaF-free conditions. Importantly, elongated hexagonal etch pits, which ...

This study sought to evaluate the microhardness of enamel submitted to 10% carbamide peroxide treatment and different methods of remineralization involving sodium fluoride (NaF). Non-erupted third molars were used and 75 enamel blocks with standardized dimensions (4.0 x 4.0 x 2.0 mm) were obtained. Enamel blocks were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15): one control (no bleaching and no f...

For an integer w ≥ 2, a radix 2 representation is called a width-w nonadjacent form (w-NAF, for short) if each nonzero digit is an odd integer with absolute value less than 2w−1, and of any w consecutive digits, at most one is nonzero. In elliptic curve cryptography, the w-NAF window method is used to efficiently compute nP where n is an integer and P is an elliptic curve point. We introduce a ...

PURPOSE To determine whether bone metabolic activity corresponds to bone and cartilage damage in patients with patellofemoral pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS We acquired magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (18) F-NaF positron emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT) scans of the knees of 22 subjects. We compared locations of increased tracer uptake on the (18) F-NaF PET images to bon...

The computation of P over elliptic curves is the dominant operation. It depends on the representation of the scalar . The binary method is the standard unsigned method that is used to compute the elliptic curve point . Researchers found that it is not the most efficient way for implementing elliptic curve computations. Other recoding methods such as CR, NAF, and MOF were presented in order to e...

From NMR line width experiments on the diffusion of Naf and Li+ ions in AgBr activation enthalpies of h(Naf) = (1.21 f 0.05) eV and h(Lif) = (0.88 f 0.04) eV are deduced for NMR correlation times. Correlation effects in impurity diffusion are inferred from a comparison of the NMR data to results from conductivity and tracer diffusion. Naf ions are found to perform an almost perfect random walk....

CHR∨ has emerged as a versatile knowledge representation language, usable for an unparalleled variety of automated reasoning tasks: constraint solving, optimization, classification, subsumption, classical deduction, abduction, truth-maintenance, belief revision, belief update and planning. In this paper, we add default reasoning to this list, by showing how to represent default logic theories i...

Oral administration of sodium fluoride (NaF, 6 and 12 mg/kg body weight/day) to Swiss strain male albino mice for 30 days caused significant dose-dependant reduction in the content of acidic, basic, neutral, and total protein in cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum and medulla oblongata region of brain. After 30 days of NaF treatment, followed by withdrawal of treatment for 30 days, partial but sign...

Standard cytochemical methods were used to investigate the ameliorative effect of melatonin (0.2 mM) on chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocyte cultures induced by arsenic (As2O3, 1.4 μM) and/or fluoride (NaF, 34 μM). As2O3 and/or NaF generated a significant increase in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations as compared to control levels. Combined treatment with As2O3 and NaF induced more...

The effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the incorporation of [2-14C] thymidine into DNA in germinating mung bean (Vigna radiate cv Uthong-1) seedlings was studied. One-day-old mung bean seedlings were treated with water (control) or 1.0 mM NaF containing [2-14C]thymidine for 24 h and the thymidine incorporation into various parts of the radicle was examined. Silver grains shown by the autoradiog...