1. Overview: 4/1/13 1 2. First-Order Linear Differential Equations: 4/3/13 2 3. Examples of Integrating Factors: 4/5/13 4 4. Separation of Variables: 4/8/13 5 5. Autonomous Equations: 4/10/13 7 6. Exact Equations: 4/12/13 9 7. More Exact Equations: 4/15/13 10 8. Numerical Methods and Existence and Uniqueness: 4/17/13 11 9. Review of Weeks 1 to 3: 4/19/13 12 10. Systems of Differential Equation:...

Insulin first became available for use in 1922 after Banting and Best successfully treated diabetic patients with pancreatic extracts.10 In an attempt to more closely simulate physiologic conditions, additional “designer” insulins with unique kinetic properties have been developed, including a rapid-acting basal insulin that mimics baseline insulin secretion known as lispro.67,140 Several oral ...

Dietary Na+ deprivation elicits a hormonal response to promote sodium conservation and a behavioral response to increase sodium ingestion. It has generally been accepted that the former occurs within 24 h after sodium deprivation, while the latter is delayed and may not appear until as much as 10 days later. Na+ deprivation of similar duration also decreases the sensitivity of the chorda tympan...

current research on effect of increasing concentrations (0 (control), 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mm) of different salts including nacl and na2so4 on germination and initial growth phase of halostachys caspica were studied. the experimental design was completely randomized design with three replications. characters of percentage, speed and index of germination, seed healthy index, radicle, plumu...

This study evaluated the effects of NaCl on heat resistance, antibiotic susceptibility, and Caco-2 cell invasion of Salmonella. Salmonella typhimurium NCCP10812 and Salmonella enteritidis NCCP12243 were exposed to 0, 2, and 4% NaCl and to sequential increase of NaCl concentrations from 0 to 4% NaCl for 24 h at 35°C. The strains were then investigated for heat resistance (60°C), antibiotic susce...

Phase-partitioning studies of the euryhaline bacterium Halomonas elongata demonstrated that the hydrophobic-hydrophilic nature of the cell surface changed as the bacterium grew in different NaCl concentrations. Mid-log-phase cells grown in a high (3.4 M) NaCl concentration were more hydrophilic than were cells grown in a low (0.05 M) NaCl concentration. Mid-log-phase cells from defined medium c...

Soluble and mitochondrial malic dehydrogenases (MDH) were isolated from root tips of the halophyte Tamarix tetragyna L. grown in the presence and absence of NaCl. The activity of the enzymes isolated from root tips grown in the presence of NaCl was lower than that of the enzymes isolated from roots grown in absence of NaCl. The mitochondrial MDH was much more sensitive to salinity than the solu...

We tested the hypothesis that sex differences in preference for NaCl are attributable to estrogen-mediated alterations in gustatory processing. Electrophysiological responses of the chorda tympani nerve to NaCl were blunted by estrogen treatment in ovariectomized female rats, suggesting that females are less sensitive to concentrated NaCl solutions during high estrogen conditions. In contrast, ...