نتایج جستجو برای: myelin

تعداد نتایج: 14122  

Journal: :Developmental cell 2015
J Bradley Zuchero Meng-Meng Fu Steven A Sloan Adiljan Ibrahim Andrew Olson Anita Zaremba Jason C Dugas Sophia Wienbar Andrew V Caprariello Christopher Kantor Dmitri Leonoudakis Karen Lariosa-Willingham Golo Kronenberg Karen Gertz Scott H Soderling Robert H Miller Ben A Barres

Myelin is essential in vertebrates for the rapid propagation of action potentials, but the molecular mechanisms driving its formation remain largely unknown. Here we show that the initial stage of process extension and axon ensheathment by oligodendrocytes requires dynamic actin filament assembly by the Arp2/3 complex. Unexpectedly, subsequent myelin wrapping coincides with the upregulation of ...

2015
Jose A. Gomez-Sanchez Lucy Carty Marta Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta Marta Palomo-Irigoyen Marta Varela-Rey Megan Griffith Janina Hantke Nuria Macias-Camara Mikel Azkargorta Igor Aurrekoetxea Virginia Gutiérrez De Juan Harold B.J. Jefferies Patricia Aspichueta Félix Elortza Ana M. Aransay María L. Martínez-Chantar Frank Baas José M. Mato Rhona Mirsky Ashwin Woodhoo Kristján R. Jessen

Although Schwann cell myelin breakdown is the universal outcome of a remarkably wide range of conditions that cause disease or injury to peripheral nerves, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that make Schwann cell-mediated myelin digestion possible have not been established. We report that Schwann cells degrade myelin after injury by a novel form of selective autophagy, myelinophagy. Autopha...

2008
P. Kozlowski A. C. Yung

Introduction Myelin water imaging has been successfully used to assess myelin content in human and animal CNS tissue [1,2]. It has been shown that fractional amounts of water trapped between myelin sheaths – the so called myelin water fraction (MWF) [3] correlates well with the amount of myelin in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) [2] and can therefore be an important marker of the cord p...

Journal: :Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library 2003
Udo Bartsch

Myelination of axons is a prerequisite for the rapid propagation of nerve impulses, and thus for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Phenotypic analysis of genetically engineered mice has provided evidence that cell adhesion molecules are critically involved in the interaction of myelin-forming glial cells with axons, the formation of regularly spaced myelin internodes along axons and...

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1984
J F Poduslo C T Berg P J Dyck

Quiescent Schwann cells in the distal segment of the permanently transected nerve produced basal levels of the major myelin glycoprotein, P0, in the absence of myelin assembly. Low levels of P0 could be detected at 35 days after transection by autoradiographic analysis of radioiodinated lectin binding after protein separation by high-resolution sodium dodecyl sulfate pore gradient electrophores...

Journal: :Journal of neurocytology 1985
J H Meador-Woodruff J E Yoshino J W Bigbee B L Lewis G H Devries

Axolemma-enriched and myelin-enriched fractions were prepared from bovine CNS white matter and conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Both unlabelled and FITC-labelled axolemma and myelin were mitogenic for cultured rat Schwann cells. Treatment of Schwann cells with the FITC-labelled mitogens for up to 24 h resulted in two distinct morphological appearances. FITC-myelin-treated cells ...

2002

Ultrastructural studies have shown that during early stages of Schwann cell myelination mesaxon membranes are converted to compact myelin lamellae. The distinct changes that occur in the spacing of these Schwann cell membranes are likely to be mediated by the redistribution of (a) the myelin-associated glycoprotein, a major structural protein of mesaxon membranes; and (b) P0 protein, the major ...

Journal: :The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1995
M Wanner D M Lang C E Bandtlow M E Schwab M Bastmeyer C A Stuermer

To determine whether optic nerve myelin of goldfish carries mammalian-like neurite growth inhibitory proteins which can be neutralized by the antibody IN-1, myelin fractions of fish optic nerves were used as substrates for fish retinal ganglion cell axons and rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Axonal growth was monitored and compared with that of IN-1 treated preparations. Growth of fish retinal ax...

Journal: :Biochemical Society transactions 1988
A Chantry P Glynn

Compaction at the cytoplasmic apposition of multilammellar myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) is facilitated by an extrinsic membrane polypeptide, myelin basic protein (MBP). MBP has long been a focus of attention in studies on multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MBP levels are reduced in white matter from MS and EAE tis...

Journal: :Journal of cell science 2009
Alban Gaultier Xiaohua Wu Natacha Le Moan Shinako Takimoto Gatambwa Mukandala Katerina Akassoglou W Marie Campana Steven L Gonias

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which myelin is progressively degraded. Because degraded myelin may both initiate and accelerate disease progression, clearing degraded myelin from extracellular spaces may be critical. In this study, we prepared myelin vesicles (MV) from rat brains as a model of degraded myelin. Murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) rapidly internalized MVs, wh...

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