The present study investigates the relationship of linguistic (phonetic) and extralinguistic (voice) information in preattentive auditory processing. We provide neurophysiological data, which show for the first time that both kinds of information are processed in parallel at an early preattentive stage. In order to establish the temporal and spatial organization of the underlying neuronal proce...

Newer anti-proliferative drugs Deoxyspergualin is a novel anti-proliferative drug derived from bacillus laterosporus that suppresses lymphocyte and macrophage function and impairs neutrophil production (1). Studies in refractory ANCA-associated vasculitis and crescentic glomerulonephritis have demonstrated useful efficacy and in a murine model of spontaneous vasculitis, deoxyspergualin was supe...

OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and tolerability of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in six patients with myositis refractory to conventional immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS Six patients were identified from hospital notes. All had previously failed to respond to other immunosuppressive treatments. Efficacy was measured as changes in muscle strength, creatine kinase (CK) levels and prednisolo...

BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is the first inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system for which a specific antigenic target has been identified; the marker autoantibody NMO-IgG specifically recognizes the astrocytic water channel aquaporin 4. Current evidence strongly suggests that NMO-IgG may be pathogenic. Since disability accrues incrementally related...

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil, an effective immunosuppressive drug. Both MPA and mycophenolate mofetil are highly specific inhibitors of guanine nucleotide synthesis and of T-cell activation. However, the mechanism by which guanine nucleotide depletion suppresses T-cell activation is unknown. Depletion of GTP inhibits ribosomal RNA synthesis in T cell...

Herpes zoster is the consequence of the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster infection. Immunosuppression may be a predisposing factor for herpes zoster. We have retrospectively assessed the risk of herpes zoster, the risk factors for its occurrence, and its evolution in a population of 209 consecutive liver transplant recipients. Herpes zoster developed in 25 (12%) of patients. One-, 3-, 5-...

AIM Described in this manuscript is the first ever reported, new, simple, high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the determination of mycophenolate mofetil in bulk and tablet dosage form. MATERIALS AND METHODS The drug was separated on aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 with toluene, acetone, and methanol in the ratio of 6:2:2 (v/v/v) as the mobile phase. Quanti...

852 Nefrologia 2012;32(6):836-66 11. Pillebout E, Alberti C, Guillevin L, Ouslimani A, Thervet E. Addition of cyclophosphamide to steroids provides no benefit compared with steroids alone in treating adult patients with severe Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Kidney Int 2010;78:495-502. 12. Maes BD, Oyen R, Claes K, Evenepoel P, Kuypers D, Vanwalleghem J, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil in IgA nephropath...

The incidence of progressive nephropathies and, consequently, the population suffering from end-stage renal disease have increased steadily in recent years, posing an ever-growing cost, in both human and financial terms, to society. There is mounting evidence that, in both immune-mediated and nonimmune-mediated chronic nephropathies, renal inflammatory events are key to the propagation and perp...

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as an immunosuppressive agent is used to prevent graft rejection. One of the adverse effects of long time administration of MMF is the gastrointestinal disorder. This study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of silymarin (SMN) on MMF-induced gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Twenty-four adult female Wistar rats were assigned into three groups including t...