Extremity injuries with hemorrhage have been a significant cause of death in civilian medicine and on the battlefield. The use of a tourniquet as an intervention is necessary for treatment to an injured limb; however, the tourniquet and subsequent release results in serious acute ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the skeletal muscle and neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Much evidence demonstrates...

The real-time estimation of muscle forces could be a very valuable tool for rehabilitation. By seeing how much muscle force is being produced during rehabilitation, therapists know whether they are working within safe limits in their therapies and patients know if they are producing enough force to expect improvement. This is especially true for rehabilitation of Achilles tendon ruptures where,...

A study was done to determine whether the Ca2+-activated muscle protease (CAF) that removes Z disks from myofibrils in the presence of Ca2+ is located in a sedimentable subcellular organelle. Porcine skeletal muscle cells were diced finely with a scalpel and were suspended in 0.25 M sucrose, 4 mM EDTA with a VIRTIS homogenizer. Filtration of the suspended muscle through four layers of cheeseclo...

BACKGROUND Flexor hallucis longus tendon (FHLT) transfer has become a popular method for reconstructing a chronic Achilles tendon rupture (ATR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and possible hypertrophy of the FHL muscle after FHLT transfer in patients with chronic ATR. METHODS Seven patients with chronic ATR underwent an FHLT transfer to heel through single inc...

BACKGROUND The quadriceps femoris muscle ruptures usually occur in the middle-aged population. We present a 4-year-old patient with partial rupture of the quadriceps femoris muscle. To our knowledge, this is the youngest patient reported with a quadriceps femoris muscle rupture. CASE PRESENTATION A 4-year-old girl admitted to our clinic with left knee pain and limitation in knee movements. He...

Isolated injuries to the teres major muscle occur in competitive sporting activities such as baseball pitching, hockey and tennis. We report a similar event of a physically fit man sustaining an isolated teres major rupture while waterskiing. Non-operative management was chosen, with pain resolution and no appreciable functional limitations at follow up. Because teres major muscle injury was su...

We report a 13-year-old girl with acute pulmonary edema due to severe acute Mitral regurgitation because of rupture of Mitral valve ́s posteromedial papillary muscle. She had normal mitral valve with necrotic posteromedial papillary muscle, classic aneurysms in left coronary artery, neutrophilic infiltration in the wall of medium-sized vessel of kidney and positive perinuclear antineutrophil cyt...

A Paradox Altered activities of plasminogen activator (PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in vessels are associated with atherosclerosis.1–5 However, their impacts on the inferred pathogenetic mechanisms seem contradictory. Proteolysis mediated by PAs contributes to vascular smooth muscle migration, neointimalization, and activation of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) that pre...