The purpose of this paper and the forth coming [L1], [L3] is to lay down a foundation for a sequence of papers concerning the moduli space of connecting pseudo-holomorphic maps in the symplectization of a compact contact manifold and their applications. In this paper, we will establish the comapctification of the moduli space of the pseudo-holomorphic maps in the symplectization and exhibit som...

In this paper we obtain an upper bound and also a lower bound for maximum edges of strongly 2 multiplicative graphs of order n. Also we prove that triangular ladder the graph obtained by duplication of an arbitrary edge by a new vertex in path and the graphobtained by duplicating all vertices by new edges in a path and some other graphs are strongly 2 multiplicative

Abstract The ionospheric path delay impacts single-band, very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) group delays, which limits their applicability for absolute astrometry. I consider two important cases: when observations are made simultaneously in bands, but delays only one band available a subset of observations; and one-band design. developed optimal procedures data analysis both cases using G...

*Correspondence: [email protected] 1Institute of Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Abstract In this paper, we consider the setting of multiplicative metric spaces to establish results regarding the common fixed points of four mappings, using a contrac...

This paper discusses the instability of eleven nonlinear state space models that underly exponential smoothing. Hyndman et al. (2002) proposed a framework of 24 state space models for exponential smoothing, including the well-known simple exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear and Holt-Winters’ additive and multiplicative methods. This was extended to 30 models with Taylor’s (2003) damped multipl...

Sell’s approach [32] to the construction of attractors for the Navier– Stokes equations in 3-dimensions is extended to the 3-D stochastic equations with a general multiplicative noise.

In this paper, the linear quadratic regulation problem for discrete-time systems with state delays and multiplicative noise is considered. The necessary and sufficient condition for the problem admitting a unique solution is given. Under this condition, the optimal feedback control and the optimal cost are presented via a set of coupled difference equations. Our approach is based on the maximum...

abstract soil contamination by heavy metals is yet one of the most important environmental concerns. among heavy metals, nickel and cadmium have dangerous influences on human, animals and plants. the objective of this study was to derive a new model for simultaneous phytoextraction of ni and cd from contaminated soils. consequently, a macroscopic model was derived by combining yield reduction f...

Abstract In this article, we continue the structural study of factor maps between symbolic dynamical systems and relative thermodynamic formalism. Here, one is studying a map from shift finite type X (equipped with potential function) to sofic Z , equipped shift-invariant measure $\nu $ . We equilibrium states, that is, measures on push forward under which maximize pressure: entropy plus integr...