Security is rarely a static notion. What is considered to be confidential or untrusted data varies over time according to changing events and states. The static verification of secure information flow has been a popular theme in recent programming language research, but information flow policies considered are based on multilevel security which presents a static view of security levels. In this...

Drawing on national and state assessment datasets in reading and math, this study tested “external” versus “internal” standards-based education models. The goal was to understand whether and how student performance standards work in multilayered school systems under No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). Under the “external” model, states’ common standards shape teachers’ standards which, in ...

Passenger prescreening is a critical component of aviation security. This paper introduces the Multilevel Allocation Problem (MAP), which models the screening of passengers and baggage in a multilevel aviation security system. A passenger is screened by one of several classes, each of which corresponds to a set of procedures using security screening devices, where passengers are differentiated ...

Multilevel Security (MLS) is one of the ways that protects stored information in computer and mobile devices. It classifies users into levels security; thus, user can access within its level or less. A smartphone used managing some businesses, controlling home car devices smart city environment by using a set data database. The database more than authorized this confidential important requires ...