The control mechanisms of respiration as a vital function are complex: voluntary - cortical, and involuntary - metabolic, neural, emotional and endocrine. Hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptides (that act as neurotrasmitters and neuromodulators in the central nervous system) play a role in the regulation of respiration and in bronchopulmonary morphology. This article presents respiratory manife...

Stem cells have a multitude of clinical implications in the lung. This article is a critical review that includes clinical and experimental studies of MedLine and SciElo database in the last 10 years, where we highlight the effects of stem cell therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome or more chronic disorders such as lung fibrosis and emphysema. Although, many studies have shown the bene...

· To understand the importance of weight loss and nutritional depletion in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; · To develop an overview of the results of clinical trials of nutritional support in COPD; · To understand the aims of nutritional support in COPD and how support programmes might integrate with other therapies; · To understand the reasons why nutritional support programmes might be...

Macrophages are among the most abundant cells in the respiratory tract, and they can have strikingly different phenotypes within this environment. Our knowledge of the different phenotypes and their functions in the lung is sketchy at best, but they appear to be linked to the protection of gas exchange against microbial threats and excessive tissue responses. Phenotypical changes of macrophages...

1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, DUVASU, Mathura 281 001, India 2 Vaccinology & Immunotherapy Program, School of Public Health and VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3 3 Veterinary Type Culture Collection, National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India 4Directorate of Information...

is is an interesting monograph pulling together into one volume disparate pulmonary diseases that have in common only that they are primarily pulmonary and may present with acute exacerbations. Th e chapters cover the primary diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fi brosis, bronchiectasis, idiopathic pulmonary fi brosis, sarcoidosis, hypersensi-tivity pneumoni...