Both levels of scoring had small multipliers in effect that increased as more search words were found in a particular document or region. Both levels also made use of the same scores applied to the originating words. These word level scores are generated from inverse frequency values in the database, augmented with word "type" information (giving an increase or decrease of the basic value). A "...

Plants possess a variety of structures that harbor ant nests, and the morphology of these domatia determines the nature of ant-plant mutualisms in a given plant species. In this study, we report on the differences in anatomy between myrmecophytes of Piper, which are regularly excavated by an obligate ant mutualist (Pheidole bicornis) and nonmyrmecophytes of Piper, which consistently have solid ...

OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate machine learning techniques that identify limb fractures and other abnormalities (e.g. dislocations) from radiology reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS 99 free-text reports of limb radiology examinations were acquired from an Australian public hospital. Two clinicians were employed to identify fractures and abnormalities from the reports; a third senior clinician ...

INTRODUCTION Optimal tuberculosis contact investigation impacts TB prevention, timely case finding and linkage to care, however data on routine implementation in high burden contexts is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a multi-method qualitative study based on individual interviews with TB patients, facility observations and focus group discussions with health workers (HWs) in 13 public heal...

Type theory stemmed from the philosophical discussion on foundation of logic and set theory, and aroused interest from researchers in logic and formalism who gave it a clear format based on the λ-calculi. With the growth of the discipline of computing, various forms of type theory have brought in a common interest in developing computer-aided proof assistants. From this multi-disciplinary natur...

[1] The 2005 North Atlantic hurricane season (1 June to 30 November) was the most active on record by several measures, surpassing the very active season of 2004 and causing an unprecedented level of damage. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) region critical for hurricanes (10 to 20 N) were at record high levels in the extended summer (June to October) of 2005 ...

Here I present the background to, and a description of, a newly developed database of historical and contemporary lexical data for Australian languages (Chirila), concentrating on the Pama-Nyungan family (the largest family in the country). While the database was initially developed in order to facilitate research on cognate words and reconstructions, it has had many uses beyond its original pu...

The physiognomy of Caribbean dry forest is shorter, denser and contains a greater proportion of multi-stemmed trees than other neotropical dry forests. Our previous research, conducted after Hurricane Georges in 1998, has shown that dry forest trees sprout near the base following hurricane disturbance, even if the trees have not incurred structural damage. However, for these hurricane-induced s...

Between 1982 and 1997, 403 consecutive patients (522 elbows) with rheumatoid arthritis underwent Souter-Strathclyde total elbow replacement. By the end of 2007, there had been 66 revisions for aseptic loosening in 60 patients. The mean time of follow-up was 10.6 years (0 to 25) The survival rates at five-, ten, 15 and 19 years were 96% (95%, confidence interval (CI) 95 to 98), 89% (95% CI 86 to...