This paper studies a location–routing–inventory problem in a multi-period closed-loop supply chain with multiple suppliers, producers, distribution centers, customers, collection centers, recovery, and recycling centers. In this supply chain, centers are multiple levels, a price increase factor is considered for operational costs at centers, inventory and shortage (including lost sales and back...

in this paper, a comprehensive model is proposed to design a network for multi-period, multi-echelon, and multi-product inventory controlled the supply chain. various marketing strategies and guerrilla marketing approaches are considered in the design process under the static competition condition. the goal of the proposed model is to efficiently respond to the customers’ demands in the presenc...

In today’s competitive world, the need to supply chain management (SCM) is more than ever. Since the purpose of logistic problems is minimizing the costs of organization to create favorable time and place for the products, SCM seek to create competitive advantage for their organizations and increase their productivity. This paper proposes a new multi-objective model for integrated forward / rev...

The increase of international competition motivated most of the organizations to create useful shared mutual cooperation with supply chain partners since they understood that cooperation and collaboration of supply chain partners is the prerequisite for the increase of reliability level and the decrease of risks and also the enhancement of innovative qualities and profitability of the companies...

Drug has a great and crucial role inboth the health systems and the quality of life, and thereforeits shortage can cause death.In order to the important role of drugs,pharmaceutical supply chain(PSC) shouldensure that drugs are delivered to people in the right time with the best quality.On the other hand, thesupply chain (SC) members depend on each other for resources and information, and it ha...

With the increasing complexities in supply chains and increasing global trade, integrated supply chain network design is utilized by the firms in order to reduce the overall cost while meeting the customer demand with requisite levels of service. This view of collaborative approach towards supply chain design has the potential of providing competitive edge for the firms in a highly competitive ...

In the fast-changing business environment, supply chains are affected by the production and inventory strategies, which influence the amount of information needed by the chains. The firms must therefore determine the best supply chain inventory strategies for their products. The lack of precise market demand and reliable supplier’s stock level makes it inappropriate to use the statistically-bas...

With the increasing emphasis on supply chain vulnerabilities, effective mathematical tools for analyzing and understanding appropriate supply chain risk management are now attracting much attention. This paper presents a stochastic model of the multi-stage global supply chain network problem, incorporating a set of related risks, namely, supply, demand, exchange, and disruption. We provide a ne...