Extracellular enzymes represent a public good for microbial communities, as they break down complex molecules into simple molecules that microbes can take up. These communities are vulnerable to cheating by microbes that do not produce enzymes, but benefit from those produced by others. However, extracellular enzymes are ubiquitous and play an important role in the depolymerization of nutrients...

Currently, there is an urgent need for domestic fermentation activators based on low-cost secondary raw materials. We aimed to study the effect of microbial enzyme preparations with different action hydrolysis proteins and phytin grain bran obtain that could become alternative imported ones.
 studied wheat rye brans; cytolytic, proteolytic, phytase action; multi-enzyme compositions; hydrol...

Hundreds of terpenoids have been isolated from Basidiomycota, among them are volatile mono- and sesquiterpenes with amazing sensory qualities, representing a promising alternative to essential oils endangered plant species. Sesquiterpene synthases (STS) appear be an abundant class enzymes in these fungi. The basidiomycete Cerrena unicolor, known sesquiterpene producer, was silico screened for c...

the effect of anti-follicular stimulating hormone (fsh) on testicular lipid and the specific activity of testicular enzymes of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (icdh), pyruvate/malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and malic enzyme involved in lipogenesis were studied in mature bonnet monkeys, macaca radiata. immunization of monkey with anti-fsh for 24 days did not produce any significant changes in the body ...

background: ritalin (methylphenidate methylphenidate) is an amphetamine used to treat adhd, symptoms of narcolepsy, and some people with depression. this study was to investigate the effect of ritalin food on blood albumin and some liver enzymes. materials and methods: in this study, 40 male wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups (1 control group, and three experimental groups). in the contr...

introduction: cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug, which is widely used for the treatment of solid tumors. however, its clinical usage is limited because of its side effects such as hepatotoxicity. this study aimed to identify toxic effects of cisplatin on hepatocytes of rats. methods: a total of 45 adult sprague dawley rats weighing 200±30 g were randomly divided into experimental (n=30) and c...

conclusions we found a marked increase in the incidence of non-albicans species (48.2%) among neutropenic patients. only a few strains failed to produce extracellular enzymes. finally, in addition to fluconazole, caspofungin can be considered as the first line treatment against candida species among neutropenic patients. results a total of 110 yeast strains isolated from urine and oral cavities...

background chronic hypoxia causes apoptosis of cardiac myocytes, however, energy production by anaerobic glycolysis protects myocardium against hypoxia injuries. aldolase a is a well-characterised key enzyme of the glycolysis pathway. ghrelin, a 28-amino-acid peptide, synthesizes in the stomach and has protective roles in cardiovascular systems and also affects metabolic pathways. objectives th...

background and objectives: varicella–zoster virus (vzv) is a human herpes virus that usually attacks young children and commonly causes chicken pox (varicella). following primary infection, a lifelong latent infection is established. the virus often reactivates during adulthood or senesces to cause shingles (zoster). little is known regarding the genotypes of varicella in kuwait. the aim of thi...

grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (gspe) has a broad spectrum of biologic properties against oxidative stress. this study aimed to investigate the effects of gspe on biochemical factors and antioxidant enzymes of erythrocyte in diabetic rats. diabetes was induced through single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg.kg-1, i.p). forty male sprague-dawley rats were divided into four groups: group 1...